Association of Biofilm Formation with Antimicrobial Resistance Among the Acinetobacter Species in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to detect biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species and to observe correlation between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance among Acinetobacter isolates. Methods: Two hundred fifty six clinical samples collected from patients who were admitted in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and on device, patients from Surgery, Medicine, Gynae & Obs and Urology department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and from Burn unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital were included in this study. Biofilm formation and antibiotyping were performed for the isolates of Acinetobacter species recovered from clinical samples including tracheal aspirates, blood, urine, wound swab, pus, throat swab, endotracheal tubes, burn samples, ascitic fluid, sputum, aural swab, oral swab, cerebrospinal fluid, and catheter tip. Correlation of biofilm formation with antimicrobial resistance pattern among Acinetobacter isolates were also observed in this study. Result: A total of 256 various specimens were studied of which 95 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and 161 Non ICU samples. Out of 95 ICU and 161 Non ICU samples, Acinetobacter species were isolated from 32 (33.7%) and 20(12.4%) respectively. From 32 ICU and 20 Non ICU Acinetobacter isolates, 28 (87.5%) and 11 (55%) were biofilm producers. Biofilm forming capacity of Acinetobacter species was significantly (p<0.008) greater in ICU than in Non ICU isolates. In both ICU and Non ICU isolates, biofilm forming Acinetobacter species were 100% resistant to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, and aztreonam. Resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, amikacin, netilmicin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem was higher among biofilm forming Acinetobacter isolates in ICU than Non ICU isolates. Susceptibility to colistin was 100% in Non ICU isolates but in ICU it showed 7.1% resistance. Conclusions: This investigation showed that most of the clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species were biofilm producers especially from ICU samples and they were multidrug resistant. Even polymixin resistant Acinetobacter isolates are slowly emerging. This is very alerming for us that biofilm forming multidrug resistant Acinetobacter species represents a severe threat in the treatment of hospitalized patients. So, antibiotic policy and guidelines are essential to eliminate major outbreak in future.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v14i1.14533 J MEDICINE 2013; 14 : 28-32

Evaluation of the Correlation between Biofilm Formation and Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii

“…They found 100 % resistance to Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime and Aztreonam in biofilm-forming Acinetobacter species. This results is parallel to ours [51]. They showed that the presence of biofilm in addition to the gelatinase and hemagglutination characteristics may play a role in the pathogenesis of A. baumanniibacteria.…”

Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from hospital‐acquired infection: biofilm production and drug susceptibility

“…To avoid errors related to measurement uncertainty, and to allow comparison of results obtained by different laboratories or methods, Stepanović et al proposed a categorization method for biofilm formation based on the absorbance of control wells: ‘cutoff’ OD + 3 SD of this absorbance. This categorization, although originally developed for staphylococci, has previously been used successfully to assess biofilm formation by A. baumannii . The calculated cutoff value is strongly related to the repeatability and precision of the assay, and in cases where the standard deviation of the blank well ODs is low, more strains will be classified as forming a biofilm than in cases where the variance is higher.…”

“…Nahar et al found that all biofilm‐producing Acinetobacter isolates were resistant to ceftazidime. In our study, this drug had one of the highest rates of resistance, with all moderate and strong biofilm producers resistant to ceftazidime.…”

<em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> biofilms: effects of physicochemical factors, virulence, antibiotic resistance determinants, gene regulation, and future antimicrobial treatments

“…isolates were reported as MDR and biofilm producers, especially those isolated from ICU samples. 155 More than 86% of the isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Mexico were resistant to ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime, and 50.7% and 35.5% of the isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem, respectively. 156 Of these isolates, 28.3% and 25.7% were positive for the bla OXA-58 and bla OXA-72 genes, respectively.…”