In this study, the results related with the effects of 50 Hz, 0.2 mT-3 mT MFs exposures on collagen synthesis, epilepsy, electrolytes, lipid peroxidation (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NOx), respiratory burst system (MPO), antioxidant defense system (GSH), and immune system (NK cell activity) in spleen, skin, lung, kidney, brain, and plasma tissues performed at Gazi Biophysics Department are reviewed. Our studies indicate that ELF MFs had effects on the tissues examined.

Continuous and intermittent 50 Hz, 1.5 mT magnetic field with the exposure period of 4 h/day for 4 days was used to investigate its possible effect on adult guinea pigs. Tissues and plasma specimens were assessed by biochemical parameters. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) levels and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) were examined in plasma, liver and brain tissues. All parameters were determined by spectrophotometer. While intermittent magnetic field was effective on plasma lipid peroxidation, continuous magnetic field was found to be effective on plasma MPO activity and NO levels. Augmentation of lipid peroxidation was also observed in liver tissue both intermittent and continuous magnetic field exposures. These results indicate that both the intermittent and continuous magnetic field exposures affect various tissues in a distinct manner because of having different tissue antioxidant status and responses.

Electrochemotherapy is the usage of electroporation to introduce chemotherapeutic drugs through membrane pores into target cells for cancer treatment. The effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs would be increased dramatically when they are used in electrochemotherapy than standard chemotherapy. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cisplatin treatment with electroporation on human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations (0.15-24 µg/mL) of cisplatin and then exposed to 1500 volts per centimeter (V/cm), 100 microseconds (µs) pulse duration, and 1 Hertz (Hz) electric pulses. Cisplatin alone showed a dose-dependent effect on cell viability. On the other hand, cisplatin + electroporation treatment was more effective than cisplatin treatment alone. Lower doses of cisplatin treatment with electroporation was as effective as higher doses of cisplatin treatment without electroporation. These results indicated that cisplatin cytotoxicity was potentiated after exposure of cells to high intensity electric pulses and low doses of cisplatin can be used with electroporation in the treatment of neuroblastoma.

No abstract

With the development of technology, people are increasingly under the exposure of electromagnetic fi elds. Individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes are now long-term exposed to Radio Frequency-RF radiation and extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fi elds (MFs). The purpose of this present study is to investigate oxidative effects and antioxidant parameters of ELF MFs and RF radiation on testis tissue in diabetic and healthy rats. Wistar male rats were divided into 10 groups. Intraperitoneal single dose STZ (65 mg/kg) dissolved in citrate buffer (0.1M (pH 4.5)) was injected to diabetes groups. ELF MFs and RF radiation were used as an electromagnetic exposure for 20 min/day, 5 days/week for one month. Testis tissue oxidant malondialdehyde (MDA), and antioxidants glutathione (GSH), and total nitric oxide (NOx) levels were determined. The results of ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests were compared; p < 0.05 was considered signifi cant. ELF and RF radiation resulted in an increase in testicular tissue MDA and NO X levels (p < 0.05), and caused a decrease in GSH levels (p < 0.05) in both healthy and diabetic rats, yet more distinctively in diabetic rats. The most pronounced effect was recorded in D-RF + ELF group (p < 0.005). Both radiation practices increased the oxidative stress in testis tissue while causing a decrease in antioxidant level which was more distinctive in diabetic rats (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 30). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

This study examines the effects of a 2.1-GHz WCDMA-modulated microwave (MW) radiation on apoptotic activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in MCF-7 cells. The cells were exposed to the MW at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.528 W/kg for 4 or 24 h. The antiproliferative effect of MW exposure was determined by the MTT test. Cytochrome-c and p53 levels were determined by an ELISA method. The relative ΔΨm was analysed by JC-1 staining using flow cytometer. Apoptotic rate of the cells was measured by Annexin-V-FITC staining. All assays were performed after certain time of incubations (15 min-4 h) following MW exposure. MW-exposed cells showed a significant decrease in viability when compared to unexposed cells. A significantly larger decrease was observed after longer exposure. The percentage of apoptotic cells, amount of cytochrome-c, and relative ΔΨm were significantly higher in MW-exposed cells. The percent of apoptotic cells and relative ΔΨm in 24 h MW-exposed group was significantly higher than those in 4 h MW-exposed group. However, no significant change was observed in p53 levels. These results demonstrated that exposure to 2.1-GHz WCDMA-modulated MW radiation caused hyperpolarization of mitochondria that in turn induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells.

No abstract

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a cancer that occurs in sympathetic nervous system arising from neuroblasts and nerve tissue of the adrenal gland, neck, chest, or spinal cord. It is an embryonal malignancy and affects infants and children. In this study, we investigated the effects of microwave (MW) radiation on apoptotic activity, cell viability, and cell cycle progression in human SH-SY5Y NB cells which can give information about MW radiation effects on neural cells covering the period from the embryonic stages to infants. SH-SY5Y NB cells were exposed to 2.1 GHz W-CDMA modulated MW radiation for 24 h at a specific absorption rate of 0.491 W/kg. Control samples were in the same conditions with MW-exposed samples but they were not exposed to MW radiation. The apoptotic activity of cells was measured by Annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide staining. Moreover, mRNA levels of proliferative and cell cycle proteins were determined by real-time RT-PCR. The change in cell cycle progression was observed by using CycleTest-Plus DNA reagent. No significant change was observed in apoptotic activity of MW-exposed cells compared to control cells. The mRNA levels of c-myc and cyclin D1 were significantly reduced in MW group (p < 0.05). The percentage of MW-exposed cells in G1 phase was significantly higher than the percentage of control cells in G1 phase. MW radiation caused cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. These results showed that 2.1 GHz W-CDMA modulated MW radiation did not cause apoptotic cell death but changed cell cycle progression.