The sections in this article are Introduction Cell Membranes Functions of Biological Membranes Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects of Biological Membranes Problems of Drugs Crossing through Biological Membranes Through the Skin Mechanical Irritation of Skin Low‐voltage Electroporation of the Skin Through the BBB Small Drugs Peptide Drug Delivery via Syn B Vectors GI Barrier Intestinal Translocation and Disease Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Skin Skin as Semipermeable Nanoporous Barrier Hydrophilic Pathway through the Skin Barrier Solid‐Lipid Nanoparticles ( SLN ) Skin Delivery Chemical Stability of SLN In Vitro Occlusion of SLN In Vivo SLN : Occlusion, Elasticity and Wrinkles Active Compound Penetration into the Skin Controlled Release of Cosmetic Compounds Novel UV Sunscreen System Using SLN Polymer‐based Nanoparticulate Delivery to the Skin Subcutaneous Nanoparticulate Antiepileptic Drug Delivery Nanoparticulate Anticancer Drug Delivery Paclitaxel Doxorubicin 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐ FU ) Antineoplastic Agents Gene Delivery Breast Cancer Nanofibers Composed of Nonbiodegradable Polymer Electrostatic Spinning Scanning Electron Microscopy Differential Scanning Calorimetry ( DSC ) Nanoparticulate Delivery to the BBB Peptide Delivery to the BBB Peptide Conjugation through a Disulfide Bond Biodegradable Polymer Based Nanoparticulate Delivery to BBB Nanoparticulate Gene Delivery to the BBB Mechanism of Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery to the BBB Nanoparticulate Thiamine‐coated Delivery to the BBB Nanoparticle Optics and Living Cell Imaging Oral Nanoparticulate Delivery Lectin‐conjugated Nanoparticulate Oral Delivery Oral Peptide Nanoparticulate‐based Delivery Polymer‐Based Oral Peptide Nanoparticulate Delivery Polyacrylamide Nanospheres Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) PACA Nanocapsules Derivatized Amino Acid Microspheres Lymphatic Oral Nanoparticulate Delivery Oral Nanosuspension Delivery Mucoadhesion of Nanoparticles after Oral Administration Protein Nanoparticulate Oral Delivery

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AimThe aim of the present randomized, double blind, parallel, 2-arm clinical study was to examine the safety and efficacy of frequent applications of chlorhexidine chip (CHX) and flurbiprofen chip (FBP) in patients with chronic periodontitis.MethodsSixty patients were randomized into CHX and FBP groups. Following OHI and scaling and root planing (SRP), baseline pocket depth (PD) measurements, gingival recession and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed and repeated at week 4 and 8. The assigned chip was placed at weeks 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.ResultsMean PD reduction in the CHX group was 2.08 mm (7.17 to 5.09, p < 0.0001). Mean PD reduction in the FBP group was 2.27 mm (6.72 to 4.45, p < 0.0001). Ninety-seven percentage and 95% of these sites exhibited PD reduction ≥1 mm, while 38% and 34% of the sites exhibited PD ≥3 mm (FBP and CHX, respectively). Clinical attachment level gain (1.66 and 1.95 mm, respectively) was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Baseline BOP dropped from 98% and 100% to 24% and 30% for the CHX and FBP groups, respectively (p < 0.0001).ConclusionFrequent applications of CHX and FBP chips resulted in a significant improvement in the periodontal condition in these sites. Furthermore studies will be required to compare this new treatment regimen to SRP or SRP with single chip application.

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The aim of the present study was to develop a once-daily, delayed controlled release formulation for diltiazem. Developed formulation consists of two coated tablets inserted into a capsule; the first tablet is intended to produce a fast release profile, while the second tablet with a unique controlling membrane containing arabinogalactan as a channeling agent was designed to achieve a delayed controlled release profile for diltiazem. The in vitro characteristic of formulation was determined in terms of the surface morphology of the coated tablet, and the impact of the different polysaccharide in coating on the dissolution and in vitro drug release. Arabinogalactan was found to be most appropriate channeling agent to control in vitro drug release. When tested in buffer (pH 6.8) the formulation produced a desired delayed controlled release dissolution profile for over 24 h. Surface morphology of the coating film clearly demonstrated channeling formation on contact with the media. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 126: E196-E202, 2012