Nanoparticles for Crossing Biological Membranes

Abstract

The sections in this article are Introduction Cell Membranes Functions of Biological Membranes Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects of Biological Membranes Problems of Drugs Crossing through Biological Membranes Through the Skin Mechanical Irritation of Skin Low‐voltage Electroporation of the Skin Through the BBB Small Drugs Peptide Drug Delivery via Syn B Vectors GI Barrier Intestinal Translocation and Disease Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Skin Skin as Semipermeable Nanoporous Barrier Hydrophilic Pathway through the Skin Barrier Solid‐Lipid Nanoparticles ( SLN ) Skin Delivery Chemical Stability of SLN In Vitro Occlusion of SLN In Vivo SLN : Occlusion, Elasticity and Wrinkles Active Compound Penetration into the Skin Controlled Release of Cosmetic Compounds Novel UV Sunscreen System Using SLN Polymer‐based Nanoparticulate Delivery to the Skin Subcutaneous Nanoparticulate Antiepileptic Drug Delivery Nanoparticulate Anticancer Drug Delivery Paclitaxel Doxorubicin 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐ FU ) Antineoplastic Agents Gene Delivery Breast Cancer Nanofibers Composed of Nonbiodegradable Polymer Electrostatic Spinning Scanning Electron Microscopy Differential Scanning Calorimetry ( DSC ) Nanoparticulate Delivery to the BBB Peptide Delivery to the BBB Peptide Conjugation through a Disulfide Bond Biodegradable Polymer Based Nanoparticulate Delivery to BBB Nanoparticulate Gene Delivery to the BBB Mechanism of Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery to the BBB Nanoparticulate Thiamine‐coated Delivery to the BBB Nanoparticle Optics and Living Cell Imaging Oral Nanoparticulate Delivery Lectin‐conjugated Nanoparticulate Oral Delivery Oral Peptide Nanoparticulate‐based Delivery Polymer‐Based Oral Peptide Nanoparticulate Delivery Polyacrylamide Nanospheres Poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) PACA Nanocapsules Derivatized Amino Acid Microspheres Lymphatic Oral Nanoparticulate Delivery Oral Nanosuspension Delivery Mucoadhesion of Nanoparticles after Oral Administration Protein Nanoparticulate Oral Delivery

Protective Effect of Magnesium-25 Carrying Porphyrin-Fullerene Nanoparticles on Degeneration of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons and Motor Function in Experimental Diabetic Neuropathy

“…We observed in HE-stained DRG neurons a prominent vacuole formation and under-representation of the largest diameter clear neurons (type A) and possibly an overrepresentation of small, more basophilic neurons in DN animals (type B) compared with controls. After 25 Mg-PMC 16 administration, we observed notable improvement changes in DRG neurons compared with the DN group, but we did not find any observable difference in the 24 Mg PMC16 or MgCl 2 groups in comparison with DN animals ( fig. 1A-E).…”

“…We showed that STZ-induced DN caused morphological abnormalities in DRG neurons comprising changes in area, diameter and number of A and B cells as well as motor dysfunction in DN. Moreover, our findings indicated that administration of 25 Mg-PMC16 as a magnetic form of Mg improved morphological abnormalities and motor dysfunctions significantly, whereas other forms of Mg were ineffective.Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common late complication of diabetes showing an increasing prevalence [1]. Sixty per cent of patients with diabetes show evidence of peripheral nerve disease [2].…”

“…We showed that STZ-induced DN caused morphological abnormalities in DRG neurons comprising changes in area, diameter and number of A and B cells as well as motor dysfunction in DN. Moreover, our findings indicated that administration of 25 Mg-PMC16 as a magnetic form of Mg improved morphological abnormalities and motor dysfunctions significantly, whereas other forms of Mg were ineffective.…”

“…2A,B). There was a significant increase in the number of large cells (***p < 0.001) in the 25 MgPMC16-treated group in comparison with DN rats ( fig. 2A).…”

“…At the beginning, we used a concentration <0.5 LD 50 , but no proper responses were obtained and finally the suitable dose of 0.5 LD 50 was selected. After finding this dose, the effects of 25 Mg PMC16 as a magnetic isotope were compared with non-magnetic isotope ( Diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetic streptozotocin (STZ) models. Diabetes mellitus type 1 was induced by the i.p.…”