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We compared the termite assemblages of different ecosystems in a humidity gradient. Three areas were sampled: (i) a humid montane forest; (ii) a hillside forest where shaded coffee (Coffea arabica Linnaeus, 1753) is cultivated; (iii) a seasonally dry forest (Caatinga). Active collection protocols were employed in each area during the dry and rainy seasons. The species were grouped according to their habitats and feeding habits. A total of 45 termite species belonging to 20 genera and three families were encountered. The termite fauna of the Caatinga was as rich and abundant as that of the humid forest areas, but it was distinct from it in species composition. Most termite species encountered in the montane forest were also found in the agro-ecological site, but some species were only found in the latter. The termite fauna of the Caatinga varied seasonally the most, with significantly reduced abundance during the dry period. When species richness, abundance, and species composition were considered together the climatic seasons were not found to significantly affect the termite faunas in any of the study areas. The numbers of encounters per feeding group and per habitat exploited did not differ among the different areas, or during the different seasons. Even in adjacent areas, the humidity gradient, as well as the vegetational characteristics, are reflected in differences in the termite fauna. Agro-ecological regimes can be considered viable alternatives to traditional methods of cultivation as they largely conserve the biodiversity found in non-modified environments.

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This study surveyed the termite fauna in urban properties of the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Six-hundred properties were inspected in search for termites or signs of their activity, such as abandoned nests, galleries on walls, and fecal pellets. Seven termite species, belonging to seven genera and three families (Kalotermitidae, Rhinotermitidae, and Termtidae) were found causing some type of damage. Nasutitermes corniger and Cryptotermes dudleyi were the most frequent species within buildings (82.4% and 9.5 %, respectively). Such species, along with Coptotermes gestroi, were responsible for the greatest damage recorded. With the exception of Cryptotermes dudleyi and Coptotermes gestroi, all of the species are native and relatively common in northeastern Brazil's Atlantic forest.

Neotropical Entomology 34(4): 585-591 (2005) Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae and Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on Nasustitermes coxipoensis (Holmgren) (Isoptera: Termitidae)ABSTRACT -The action of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae and Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum on the mound termite Nasutitermes coxipoensis (Holmgren) and the conidia production on dead insects were studied in laboratory. Infective doses were determined through direct contact of the insects with the fungi cultures with 12 days of growth followed by conidia quantification in Neübauer camera. The doses of 0.5 x 10 6 and 1.6 x 10 7 conidia/ml of M. anisopliae var. anisopliae, and 1.4 x 10 5 e 1.8 x 10 6 conidia/ml of M. anisopliae var. acridum were named dose A and dose B, for each fungus, respectively. These doses corresponded to 3-min and 15-min direct contact of 20 insects with the fungi cultures. Conidia production was evaluated using the insects inoculated with fungi. The bioassays were carried out in triplicate.