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In this work hemagglutinating activity (HA) was investigated in distinct Moringa oleifera tissue extracts. A new lectin from seeds (cMoL) was purified and characterized; hemagglutinating and coagulating activities were evaluated. HA was detected in 0.15 M NaCl extracts from flowers and rachis inflorescence (5%, w/v), seeds, leaves, fundamental tissue of stem and steam bark (10%, w/v). cMoL isolated after saline extraction and guar gel column chromatography was active at pH range 4.0-9.0 agglutinating erythrocytes from rabbit and human blood types. Extracts of tissues and cMoL activities were carbohydrate inhibited; azocasein and asialofetuin abolished cMoL HA. The lectin was thermostable at 100 8C during 7 h. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reduced conditions revealed a main polypeptide band of 26.5 kDa; native basic cMoL was detected as a unique band. Seed lectin preparations and cMoL showed coagulant activity, similar to aluminium sulphate, the coagulant most widely used in water treatment.

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Moringa oleifera have been evaluated for its antioxidant activity. M. oleifera leaves were extracted with methanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and n-hexane. The antioxidant activity of extracts were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay and an improved 2,2'-azino-bis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulphonate] (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay in vitro. Trolox was used as standard with IC50 5.89 μg/mL in DPPH assay and 3.06 μg/mL in ABTS assay. The methanol extract showed the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 49.30 μg/mL in DPPH assay and 11.73 μg/mL in ABTS assay. This study provided that M. oleifera leaves possess antioxidant. ABSTRAK Aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) telah diteliti. Daun kelor diekstrak daunnya dengan metanol, etil asetat, dikolorometana, dan n-heksana. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dari masing-masing ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode pengukuran penangkapan radikal oleh 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dan metode penghilangan radikal kation oleh 2,2'-azino-bis-[3-etilbenzotiazolin sulfonat] (ABTS) secara in vitro. Trolox digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dengan nilai IC50 5,89 μg/mL uji DPPH dan 3,06 μg/mL pada uji ABTS. Ekstrak metanol daun kelor menunjukkan nilai aktivitas paling tinggi dengan nilai IC50 = 49,30 μg/mL pada uji DPPH dan IC50 = 11,73 μg/mL pada uji ABTS. Penelitian ini menjadi bukti ilmiah bahwa daun kelor memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi.

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Transgenic roots of Solanum spp. containing extra copies of an hmgr gene derived from Artemisia annua have been obtained via transformation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hairy root clones of Solanum aviculare which were transgenic for hmgr typically grew faster than those which did not contain extra copies of this gene and also accumulated up to 4.2 times more solasodine when grown under dark, but not light, conditions. The implications of these findings with respect to the regulation of solasodine production in Solanum spp. are considered.