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Aims:The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of sophorolipids in combination with palmarosa essential oil and to develop a cosmetic formulation against acne-causing bacteria. Methods and Results:The antibacterial activity of sophorolipids, palmarosa oil and their combined effect was evaluated by broth microdilution and checkerboard methods. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH method. The results showed that the compounds presented antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The combination of sophorolipid and palmarosa oil resulted in synergistic and additive interaction reducing the concentration needed for the effectiveness against S. aureus and S. epidermidis, to 98.4% and 50%, respectively. The compounds interaction showed an additive effect for antioxidant activity. The cosmetic formulation without any chemical preservative presents antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes. The pH values and organoleptic characteristics of formulations remained stable under all conditions tested. Conclusions: The association of sophorolipids and palmarosa oil resulted in a selfpreserving cosmetic formulation with great stability, and effective antioxidant and antibacterial activities against acne-causing micro-organisms. Significance and Impact of the Study:This study showed the development of an effective multifunctional cosmetic formulation with natural preservatives to treat acne vulgaris and other skin infections.

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BIODEGRADABLE FILMS OF CASSAVA STARCH, PULLULAN AND BACTERIAL CELLULOSE. The largest consumption of plastics in the world is referred to the synthetic polymers, which are not biodegradable and have a non-renewable source, generating a large environmental impact, especially in urban centers. As a result, in the last two decades several polymers obtained from renewable sources (biopolymers) have been studied as potential raw materials for the production of new biodegradable materials with different applications. The objectives of this study were to produce biodegradable films based on cassava starch, pullulan and bacterial cellulose, and also to characterize these films according to their microstructure, barrier, thermal and mechanical properties. The addition of bacterial cellulose and pullulan to the starch films resulted in films with more homogeneous surfaces, and also decreased solubility and water vapor permeability, and increased elongation and thermal stability.

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The demand for sustainable formulations with natural bioactive ingredients has been intense, in order to meet the current market demands, which reveal that this sector is on the rise. Among the most used makeup products is lipstick, which for greater acceptance by consumers requires a formulation with multifunctional properties. Sophorolipids are microbial biosurfactants that exhibit biological properties such as moisturizing effect, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, which are desirable characteristics for application in cosmetic formulations. Essential oils are also widely used in cosmetic formulations due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Thus, this study aimed to produce and characterize a lipstick with the addition of sophorolipids produced by Starmerella bombicola in association with palmarosa essential oil. The lipsticks were developed using 1g of sophorolipids and 0.2g of palmarosa essential oil. Sophorolipids showed an antioxidant activity of 59.40%. The lipstick formulation containing sophorolipids and palmarosa oil showed normal organoleptic parameters (appearance, color and odor), melting point (63 oC), breaking point (89 g), maximum occlusiveness (85.60), spreadability (201.5 mm2) and moisture retention greater than 90%. The use of sophorolipids combined with essential oils for the development of lipstick formulations resulted in a product with multifunctional properties that are very attractive for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.