Biodegradable Films of Cassava Starch, Pullulan and Bacterial Cellulose

Abstract

BIODEGRADABLE FILMS OF CASSAVA STARCH, PULLULAN AND BACTERIAL CELLULOSE. The largest consumption of plastics in the world is referred to the synthetic polymers, which are not biodegradable and have a non-renewable source, generating a large environmental impact, especially in urban centers. As a result, in the last two decades several polymers obtained from renewable sources (biopolymers) have been studied as potential raw materials for the production of new biodegradable materials with different applications. The objectives of this study were to produce biodegradable films based on cassava starch, pullulan and bacterial cellulose, and also to characterize these films according to their microstructure, barrier, thermal and mechanical properties. The addition of bacterial cellulose and pullulan to the starch films resulted in films with more homogeneous surfaces, and also decreased solubility and water vapor permeability, and increased elongation and thermal stability.

Development of active cassava starch films reinforced with waste from industrial wine production and enriched with pink pepper extract

“…The absorption peaks observed between 3000 cm −1 and 3500 cm −1 denote the O‐H stretching 2,3,48 . It may be seen that this peak exhibited a reduction in intensity as the GS concentration increased (F1, F2 and F3), indicating the breakage of the hydrogen bonds in the starch molecules, forming new bonds with the fibers found in the GS.…”

Cadmium Contents in Biodegradable Films Made from Cassava

“…Biodegradable thermoformed and flexible films can be made of cassava flour (given its high starch content, making it suitable for use in the manufacture of various products in the food industry, as well as for the production of biopolymers) and cassava starch (as it can be converted into a thermoplastic material by interrupting the molecular interactions of the double helix chain, formed by hydrogen bridges between the hydroxyl groups, in the presence of a plasticizer aided by suitable temperature and shear stress [15,16], and by adding matter such as fique fiber, gelatin, poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate), polylactic acid, glycerol, plasticizer, green composites, cellulose, chitosan, clay, pullulan, natural extracts, poly(vinyl alcohol), and kaolin [7,8,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

“…These include thermoformed and flexible films (biopolymers) obtained from agricultural sources (cassava), and constitute a new and environmentally friendly industrial alternative (composting) given their rapid and easy biodegrading processes. Their main purpose is the replacement of regularly used petroleum-derived plastic polymers and their associated waste [8,18,20,22,23,26,31,37,38]. A common production method for thermoforming is the compression molding technique (Figure 1), in which the material is placed into an open mold to which pressure and heat are applied.…”

Atomic absorption spectrometry for the quantification of cadmium in thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films made from cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz)

“…Thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films can be made from cassava flours and starches, by adding substances, such as fique fiber, gelatin, poly(butylene adipate-coterephthalate), green composites, polylactic acid, glycerol, plasticizer, cellulose, pullulan, chitosan, clay, and natural extracts. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Nowadays, industries are trying to improve their products from natural and renewable sources to store, packaging and wrap to food products, [13][14][15][16]18 such as thermoformed and flexible films (biopolymers) obtained from agricultural sources (cassava). These constitute a new and environmentally friendly industrial alternative (composting) due to their fast and easy biodegradability upon completion of useful life, and main purpose is to replace petroleum-derived plastic polymers that people use regularly and the waste associated with it.…”

“…These constitute a new and environmentally friendly industrial alternative (composting) due to their fast and easy biodegradability upon completion of useful life, and main purpose is to replace petroleum-derived plastic polymers that people use regularly and the waste associated with it. 2,4,6,7,10,16,17,19,20 These characteristics greatly benefit different environmental ecosystems.…”