One of the greenhouse gases, which is the cause of climate change and global warming is methane gas (CH4). One of the most significant sources of methane that contributes to emissions globally is landfills (anthropogenic sources). Methane emissions from waste are the result of the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter in waste. The more garbage in the landfill without further treatment can lead to greater methane emissions. The site of this study was a municipal solid waste in Makassar city, named Tamangapa landfill, ±15 km from downtown Makassar city. The objectives of this study are to estimate methane emissions in the Tamangapa landfill and estimate methane emissions from the Tamangapa landfill over the next ten years using the 2006 IPCC Waste Model. The results showed that the waste generation in Makassar City, in 2016, was 0.449 kg/person/day with the composition of waste dominated by organic waste. The value of potential methane emissions at TPA Tamangapa Makassar in 2016 is 2.24 Gg/year and the projection in 2026 is 4.968 Gg/year. The mitigation and adaptation efforts that can be recommended are the socialization of 3R techniques (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) and construct a sanitary landfill in Makassar city following the mandate of Law No. 18 of 2008.
Biogas energy can be obtained from waste of domestic, sewage, cattle, market, food industry etc. Banana peels contain chemical compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose which contain acidic organic compounds that can be used as substrate for biogas production. Purposes of this study are to analyse the characteristics, the composition and the production cost of biogas made of mixtures of banana peel and livestock manure. The study used 6 biogas reactors where each reactor has 19 L capacity with ratio of 1:2.5 for solid and wastewater. The result shows that reactor E2, containing 7.1% of cow and chicken manure and 14.3% of banana peel, produced the highest rate of biogas (91.4%) when compared to other reactors. E4 reactor produced 209 ml of biogas as effective composition, consisting of 2.4% of cow manure, 7.15% of chicken manure, and 19.0% of banana peel. In terms of production cost, E2 reactors have the most effective composition, with the ability to produce 0,000174 m3 of methane by Rp. 5,747 per kg. Biogas made of organic material and livestock manure is relatively less expensive compared to 3 kg of LPG gas with a price of Rp. 18,000. E4 reactor biogas could produce 209 ml with a composition of 357 g of cow manure, 1,071 g of chicken manure, 2850 g of banana peel, 5.355 l of water for livestock manure and 5.355 l of water for banana peel.
Waste is an endless environmental problem. The amount of waste production has increased due to the increasing population. Besides being produced in a city, waste generation is also produced by universities or campuses. One of them is the Gowa campus, the campus of Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University. Current waste management is carried out by holding, collecting and burning in open areas without further management. It can cause environmental pollution and health problems. The objectives of this study were to determine the amount of campus waste generation, to analyze the needs of incinerators in campus, to determine incinerator tools, and to determine the advantages, disadvantages, efficiency and effectiveness of the incinerators in Gowa Campus. The results showed that the amount of waste generated at the Gowa campus was 0.25 liters/person/day and 0.12 kg/person/day. This incinerator requirements analysis uses the geometry method and the efficiency and effectiveness method. From the calculation, it is known that the use of incinerators for the next ten years is one unit. The disadvantage of using an incinerator is that the cost is very high. However, the advantage is that it can reduce waste generation and overcome environmental and health problems. The comparison between Double Chamber and Maxpell incinerator gave the results that the most effective and efficient is the Maxpell incinerator with an effectiveness of 97.5% and efficiency of 17.17%.
Currently laying hens have a good chance to be developed in Indonesia, this breeding business experiences rapid development every year. The chicken farming industry has very interesting potential to be developed but there are still challenges in its development. One of the biggest challenges faced by chicken farmers in Indonesia today is the high cost of feed that they have to spend around 70% - 80% of the annual production cost. On the other hand, the key to success in the chicken farming industry is strongly influenced by meeting the need for adequate feed, both in quality and in quantity, this is because the feeding that is in accordance with the nutritional needs of chickens affects the amount and quality of produced. Based on these problems, we assume that the independent supply of poultry feed by breeders by providing livestock feed making machines using equipment and components that are widely available on the market today is an economic solution that can reduce production costs in a chicken farming industry in Indonesia. The manufacture of automatic chicken feed making machines 2.02 kg / hr for laying hens using 1400 rpm electric motor and automatic control system is expected to be an economical and practical solution in improving the quality of production of the chicken farm industry in Indonesia.
The weight of domestic solid waste generation at the Faculty of Engineering of Hasanuddin University is 62.60 kg day−1. The percentage of organic waste generation is 28%, so the weight of organic waste generation on this campus is 17.66 kg. One way to utilize organic waste is by composting. There are three methods for composting, including (1) aerobic methods, (2) anaerobic methods, and (3) combining aerobic and anaerobic methods. The method used in measuring waste generation is the measurement of waste generation in ten buildings located on this campus for eight consecutive days, according to the procedures in the Indonesian National Standard. The data used in this study include primary and secondary data. Primary data in this study are the results of measurements of weight, volume, and composition of waste. Whereas, secondary data in this study is the number of the campus population of the Faculty of Engineering. From the primary and secondary data, composter space requirements, effectiveness, and investment evaluation through the Benefit-Cost Ratio of the three composting methods can be calculated. From the calculation results, the space requirements for aerobic composter are 16.08 m2, 16.08 m2 for the anaerobic composter, and 25.61 m2 for combination aerobic and anaerobic composter. The effectiveness values for each composter method were 98.7%, 98.47%, and 98.9% for aerobic, anaerobic composters, and the combination of the two, respectively. Furthermore, the value of the Benefit-Cost Ratio for each composter method is 1.20, 1.38, and 1.85 for aerobic, anaerobic composters, and the combination of the two, respectively.
Plastik banyak digunakan dalam berbagai macam kebutuhan hidup manusia. Permasalahan yang paling utama dari plastik adalah limbah plastik yang tidak bisa terurai secara alami. Memerlukan waktu yang sangat lama untuk membersihkan sampah plastik dari muka bumi. Terlebih lagi karena penggunaan plastik hampir tidak bisa dikendalikan. Ecobrick merupakan salah satu upaya kreatif untuk mengelola sampah plastik menjadi benda-benda yang berguna, mengurangi pencemaran dan racun yang ditimbulkan oleh sampah plastik. Fungsinya bukan untuk menghancurkan sampah plastik, melainkan untuk memperpanjang usia plastik-plastik tersebut dan mengolahnya menjadi sesuatu yang berguna, yang bisa dipergunakan bagi kepentingan manusia pada umumnya. Ecobrick adalah teknik pengelolaan sampah plastik yang terbuat dari botol-botol plastik bekas yang di dalamnya telah diisi berbagai sampah plastik hingga penuh kemudian dipadatkan sampai menjadi keras. Setelah botol penuh dan keras, botol-botol tersebut bisa dirangkai dengan lem dan dirangkai menjadi meja, kursi sederhana, bahan bangunan dinding, menara, panggung kecil, bahkan berpotensi untuk dirangkai menjadi pagar dan fondasi taman bermain sederhana bahkan rumah. Mitra yang terlibat dalam kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini adalah para siswa dan guru di SD Inpres Kantisang. Solusi yang ditawarkan adalah pengelolaan dan pengolahan sampah botol PET yang timbul dari lingkungan sekolah menjadi Ecobrick yang dapat dimanfaatkan kembali di lingkungan sekolah. Karena adanya pandemic COVID-19, maka sosialisasi yang dilakukan adalah dengan pemberian media flashdisk kepada pihak sekolah. Flashdisk tersebut berisikan video-video edukasi dan animasi, serta petunjuk pemilahan sampah dan pembuatan ecobrick. Pihak sekolah akan memasukkan materi sosialisasi dalam pemebelajaran Tematik di kelas 5 dan kelas 6, dan juga digunakan sebagai penunjang program Adiwiyata di SD Inpres Kantisang – Tamalanrea.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.