Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in shaping immune response. The expression profile of miRNAs, however, has been found to be affected by the presence of tumor, but whether the incidence of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) alters the expression profile of miRNAs has not been studied. Objective: The current study aims to investigate the expression of miRNAs in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with NSCLC as well as to analyze the numbers of helper CD4 + and cytotoxic CD8 + T lymphocytes in PBMCs of the same patients as compared to healthy controls. Methods: PBMCs were prepared from blood harvested from early-diagnosed patients with NSCLC (n=10). The gene expression of miRNAs in PBMCs was measured using microarray and the phenotypic analysis of helper CD4 + T-cells and cytotoxic CD8 + T-cells in PBMCs was determined by flow cytometry. Results: A significant upregulation of miRNA-21 (2-fold) and downregulation of miRNA-155 (-1.5fold) was observed in the PBMCs of NSCLC patients as compared to healthy controls. The relative and absolute numbers of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells were significantly elevated in the PBMCs of NSCLC patients. Conclusion: Our results indicate that both expression levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 in PBMCs and the numbers of CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells are altered by the presence of NSCLC.
Breast cancer rarely metastasizes to the uterus. In particular, lobular carcinoma of the breast more commonly spreads to the uterus when compared to invasive ductal carcinoma. PET-CT can be a tool to differentiate between fibroids and metastasis based on the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax). The authors report the case of a 37-year-old female with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) having significantly fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid masses on PET-CT which were later found to be metastases.
Objectives: To describe the diagnostic performance of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods: the study was conducted on 40 patients with 40 lesions. MR examinations were performed using a closed MRI machine with magnets of intensity field 1.5 Tesla system,equipped with bilateral dedicated breast coils. All lesions were biopsied considering histopathologic findings as the standard of reference. Probability of malignancy was assessed according to BI-RADS for DCE-MRI. Diagnostic accuracy of DCE-MRI was statistically analyzed. Results: Regarding to the final outcome of the reviewed 40 MRI studies depending on the histopathological results accepted as standard reference, histopathology revealed malignancy in 67.5 % of lesions (27/40) and DCE-MRI showed sensitivity (96.3%) and specificity (76.9%) Conclusions: Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI facilitates differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions.
Background: Local control of MIBC by bladder-sparing approach is unsatisfactory. In order to improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy, we have designed a protocol that combines TURB with a non-conventionally fractionated radiotherapy "concomitant boost. Aim of Study: To evaluate the response rate and toxicity criteria in patients with transitional cell bladder cancer treated with maximum Transurethral Resection (TUR), followed by 3-D conformal radiotherapy with a concomitant boost and weekly cisplatin with shortening of overall treatment time. Patients and Methods: Between July 2017 to June 2018, 20 patients with a T2-T3 N0M0 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor as much as safely possible (maximum TURBT). They received radiotherapy delivered in short overall treatment time with a concomitant boost technique. With this technique, a dose of 40Gy in 2-Gy fractions was administered to the small pelvis with a concomitant boost limited to the bladder tumor area plus a margin of 15Gy in fractions of 0.75Gy. The total tumor dose was 55Gy in 20 fractions in 4 weeks. Weekly Cisplatin (30mg/m 2) was administered weekly concurrently with radiotherapy. Cisplatin was interrupted in case of hematological or renal toxicity. The National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria, version 5, scale was used to assess the chemotherapy and acute radiation toxicity {Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), Version 5.0, November 2017}. We assessed late toxicity using The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (RTOG/EORTC) Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring Scheme. Results: The feasibility of the treatment was good. Severe acute toxicity >!G3 was observed in two patients (10%). Severe late toxicity >!G3 was observed in one patient (5%). Fourteen patients (70%) showed a complete and three (15 %) a partial remission after treatment. Conclusion: In external radiotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer a concomitant boost technique coupling a
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease in women. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer leads to high clinical response rates of 70% to 90%. Breast density (BD) is one of the most important factor that affect pathological complete response. Low BD is associated with more likelihood of pCR. Similarly low MBD (<25%) was associated with better progression free survival in locally advanced patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Aim of the Study: Is to evaluate the impact of mammographic breast density as a predictive factor for pathological and clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Patient and Method:The present study was carried out on 50 patients with confirmed diagnosis of invasive breast cancer and treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Mammographic breast density was assessed for each patient and its impact on clinical and pathological response to treatment.Results: Patients with low breast density were more likely to achieve pCR than patients with high breast density. Conclusion:Patient with low breast density are more likely to achieve complete and partial response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Other factors affect response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy as, age less than 40, low body mass index, premenopausal women, tumor grade 1, no lymphovascular invasion, absence of multicenteric tumor are more likely to achieve complete and partial response.
Background The diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis is challenging and can be difficult to detect with imaging, especially the detection of small-sized peritoneal lesions. The presence of peritoneal neoplastic spread alters tumour staging and is one of the most significant prognostic indicators in several malignancies, and the purpose of this study was to highlight the diagnostic value of PET/CT in detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with malignant neoplastic disease. Results PET/CT has 76.2% sensitivity, 88.9% specificity, 94.1% PPV, 61.5% NPV and 80% accuracy in detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Different patterns of FDG uptake of peritoneal carcinomatosis were found such as focal nodular uptake, diffuse abdominal uptake and liver surface focal or diffuse uptake. From all these different patterns, focal nodular uptake was the most frequent pattern. The best cut-off value of SUVmax was 5 for diagnosis. Conclusions The study affirms the significant role of PET/CT in the diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis and its important value in the staging, management and follow-up of patients with secondary peritoneal malignancies, especially in case of unavailable or inappropriate peritoneal biopsy. Therefore, PET/CT could help reduce the number of laparotomies and a better selection of patients who are candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.
Objective: To examine the C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1 expression in breast cancer tissues prior to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, and its relationship to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy effectiveness and other prognostic variables.Method: The prospective study was conducted at Kafrelsheikh University Hospital, Egypt, from November 2018 to March 2021, and comprised patients with recent histopathologically proven breast cancer cases eligible for chemotherapy. Paraffin blocks of tumour specimens were stained by immunohistochemical stain using concentrating rabbit anti-human C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1 polyclonal antibody kits. C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1 expression was classified into low and high categories. Patients were followed for 2 years for treatment response, disease recurrence and mortality. Data was analysed using SPSS 25.Results: Of the 100 females with mean age 50.2±12.1 years, 52(52%) had their left side affected, while 48(48%) had their right side affected. There were 52(52%) cases with mean age 49.2±12.9 years having high C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1 expresssion, while 48(48%) with mean age 51.4±11.2 years had low expression. There was a significant association between high expression and advanced tumour grade, advanced tumour stage, higher frequency of triple negative breast cancer and higher frequency of Ki-67-positive cancers (p<0.05). Patients with high C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1 expression had significantly lower frequency of complete pathological response when compared with patients with low expression (p<0.001). Patients with high expression had higher frequency of recurrence, shorter disease-free survival, higher mortality and shorter overall survival, but the difference was notsignificant (p>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified triple negative hormonal status (p=0.031) and high baseline C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1 expression (p<0.001) as significant predictors of complete pathological response.Conclusions: There was found to be a link between baseline C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1 expression in breast cancer tissues and pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer patients. Keywords: Neoadjuvant therapy, Prognosis, Ki67 proliferation marker, Paraffin, Immunohistochemistry, Breast neoplasms, Chemokines.
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