The significance of Brevibacillus has been documented scientifically in the published literature and commercially in heterologous recombinant protein catalogs. Brevibacillus is one of the most widespread genera of Gram-positive bacteria, recorded from the diverse environmental habitats. The high growth rate, better transformation efficiency by electroporation, availability of shuttle vectors, production of negligible amount of extracellular protease, and the constitutive expression of heterologous proteins make some strains of this genus excellent laboratory models. Regarding biotechnological applications, this genus continues to be a source of various enzymes of great biotechnological interest due to their ability to biodegrade low density polyethylene, ability to act as a candidate bio-control agent, and more recently acknowledged as a tool for the overexpression. This article reviews the properties of Brevibacillus spp. as better biological tools with varied applications.

No abstract

The present study aimed to synthesis of SNPs (Silver Nanoparticles) or (Green-Silver) in aqueous medium using leaf extracts of Ocimum sanctum L. The synthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were characterized by the different techniques such as UV-vis Spectrophotometer, XRD, FTIR and TEM. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles were confirmed due to the SPR optical absorption band peak at ~440 nm by UV-vis spectrophotometer, nearly 15-45 nm in diameter with spherical in shape by TEM, high crystalline with the Bragg peaks of (111), (200), (220) and (311) plane as the predominant orientation by XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of methoxy and allyl groups in SNPs. The reduction of Ag metal ions was performed due to the presence of various types of anti-oxidants in the leaves of Ocimum sanctum L. and each having a unique structure and functions. The formations of silver nanoparticles through aqueous medium were fairly stable and which can be incubated up to 4 months in refrigerator. At last, the antimicrobial activities of AgNPs were evaluated using different bacteria strain. It was found that, this biosynthesizing of silver nanoparticles may inhibit the all types of bacterial pathogenic organisms competently. This recent research study opens an innovative design to progress our understanding of how SNPs behave can be optimized to improve human antimicrobial activities.Citation: Bindhani BK, Panigrahi AK (2015) Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles (SNPs) by using Leaf Extracts of Ocimum Sanctum L (Tulsi) and Study of its Antibacterial Activities.

Liquidity management is a concept that is gaining serious attention all over the world because of the current financial turmoil and the state of the world economy. The concern of business owners and managers all over the world is to devise a strategy which will help in maintaining liquidity as well as to increase profitability and shareholder's wealth. Liquidity is perceived as the debt paying ability of a going concern. It is the ability of a company to meet the short term obligations. Hence, it is of utmost important to keep a constant eye on liquidity position of the company as without it the company cannot survive. In this paper a comparative study on the liquidity position of five leading Indian cement companies has been done to know the liquidity position of the companies. The study covers a period of 10 years viz, 2000-2001 to 2009-2010. For the purpose of investigation purely secondary data is used. The techniques of mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, ratio analysis, and Motaal's ultimate rank test has been applied to analyse the data. It has been found that the liquidity position of small companies are better as compared to big ones and most interestingly the growth rate of current ratio, quick ratio and working capital to current assets of all the companies are negative which indicates an unsound liquidity position. Moreover, low or negative working capital in some cases indicates the aggressive working capital management policy of the firms which implies minimal investment in current assets by the companies so as to derive a higher rate of return. But it has to be remembered that risk of default and bankruptcy increases when a firm adopts more aggressive working capital policies. One should remember that a negative working capital is a sign of managerial efficiency in a business with low inventory and accounts receivable (which means they operate on an almost strictly cash basis). In any other situation, it is a sign that a company may be facing bankruptcy or serious financial trouble. In our case, Motaal's Ultimate Rank Test shows that the liquidity position of Shree Cements is sounder as compared to other companies.

Let p be any odd prime number. Let k be any positive integer such that 2 ≤ k ≤ p+1 3 + 1. Let S = (a 1 , a 2 , . . . , a 2p−k ) be any sequence in Z p such that there is no subsequence of length p of S whose sum is zero in Z p . Then we prove that we can arrange the sequence S as follows:This extends a result in [13] to all primes p and k satisfying (p + 1)/4 + 3 ≤ k ≤ (p + 1)/3 + 1. Also, we prove that if g denotes the number of distinct residue classes modulo p appearing in the sequence S in Z p of length 2p − k (2 ≤ k ≤ [(p + 1)/4] + 1), and g ≥ 2 √ 2 √ k − 2, then there exists a subsequence of S of length p whose sum is zero in Z p .

The financial performance of the top two companies of the FMCG sector HUL and ITC are analyzed in this research paper by using the two most popular financial tools of analysis i.e., ROE and ROA. Similar to the DuPont method, components of Return on Equity (ROE) and Return on Asset (ROA) are segregated to do the analysis of financial performance and to accomplish the objective. To calculate ROE and ROA, ratios such as net profit ratio (NPR), total asset turnover ratio (TATR), and equity multiplier (EQM) will be used. It is observed that the use of financial leverage was mainly responsible for the whole decrease in return on equity (ROE). In terms of return on equity, we found that the Asset Turnover Ratio increases somewhat, while in the case of ITC, the ratio either remains the same or slightly decreases in value. As a result, HUL's total asset turnover ratio (TATR) is greater than that of ITC, suggesting that HUL is more efficient in its asset use. We were able to demonstrate statistically, via the use of the One-way Anova test, that there is a significant meaningful association among the ratios.

Introduction Suicide is the act of deliberately killing oneself. It is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Each year, more than seven lakh people end their lives globally. India is the worst-affected country in Southeast Asia. Both the genders and all age groups are affected. The COVID pandemic has led to the disruption of routine life and business. The proportion of deaths due to suicide was 9.4% among all deaths reported for autopsies by a study in the same mortuary over a seven-year period. Increased stress and anxiety have been postulated to lead to suicide. Our study objective is to describe the epidemiology of suicide during the early COVID pandemic (lockdown period). Methods This is a record-based cross-sectional study. We have analyzed the post-mortem reports for six months starting from April 1, 2020. Descriptive analysis was performed with Epi Info version 7 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA). Results During the study period, 340 cases were classified as deaths due to suicide, out of a total of 891 mortalities. The median age for females was 26.5 and for males, it was 30. The male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Most of the deceased (39.8%) were in their third decade, followed by the fourth decade (18.9%), second decade (15%), and fifth decade (12.98%), respectively. Poisoning was the leading method used for suicide, accounting for 238 (70.1%) deaths, followed by hanging (11.8%), burns (6.8%), jumping from a height (6.5%), and jumping in front of the train (4.13%). Self-immolation (burning) was a common mode of suicide for females. Most of the suicides (71.4%) took place from the evening to midnight. Conclusion There was a fourfold rise in suicides during the period compared to previous data. Productive age groups are affected more. A large-scale multi-centric study in community settings for estimation of the true burden is the need of the hour. A multi-sectorial public health approach is needed to prevent untimely death due to suicide.

Zomato started in 2008 underneath the name, 'Foodiebay' to begin with. Later in 2010, it had been renamed to 'Zomato'. Constantly 2011, Zomato extended to increasingly urban regions the country over in Mumbai,