Sugarcane variety Co 94012 is a new variety released in India through the use of somaclonal variation. Significant differences were found in quantitative and qualitative agronomic characters. Another somaclone VSI 434 is an extra early maturing variety with significant difference in morphological and qualitative characters over the parent CoC 671. The genetic variation of micropropagated plantlets was tested by RAPD analysis. The banding pattern of PCR amplified products from micropropagated plantlets showed that most of them were monomorphic in both the varieties. The amplicon pattern of VSI 434 and Co 94012 with primers OPA 17 and OPA 19 differed from parent CoC 671, respectively. But with other primers they were more or less monomorphic indicating that the amplicon from these two primers can be used as potential fingerprint for Co VSI 434 and Co 94012.
Gamma ray-induced in vitro mutagenesis and selection for salt (NaCl) tolerance were investigated in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Embryogenic callus cultures were irradiated (10 to 80 Gy) and subjected to in vitro selection by exposure of irradiated callus to NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mmol L −1 ). Increasing NaCl concentrations resulted in growth reduction and increased membrane damage. Salt-selected callus lines were characterized by the accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, and Na + and K + concentration. Higher accumulation of proline and glycine betaine was observed in NaCl stressed callus irradiated at 20 Gy. Na + concentration increased and K + concentration decreased with increasing salt level. Irradiated callus showed 50-60% regeneration under NaCl stress, and in vitro-regenerated plants were acclimatized in the greenhouse, with 80-85% survival. A total of 138 irradiated and salt-selected selections were grown to maturity and their agronomic performance was evaluated under normal and saline conditions. Of these, 18 mutant clones were characterized for different agro-morphological characters and some of the mutant clones exhibited improved sugar yield with increased Brix%, number of millable canes, and yield. The result suggest that radiation-induced mutagenesis offers an effective way to enhance genetic variation in sugarcane.
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a globally-cultivated cash crop whose yield is negatively affected by soil salinity. In the present study, we have investigated the molecular basis of inducible salt tolerance in M4209, a sugarcane mutant generated through radiation-induced mutagenesis. Under salt-contaminated field conditions, M4209 exhibited 32% higher cane yield as compared with its salt-sensitive parent Co86032. In continuation, M4209 displayed significantly higher leaf biomass in post-sprouting phenotyping, as compared with Co86032, under both 50 and 200 mM NaCl. This was concomitant with 1.9- (50 mM) and 1.6- (200 mM) fold higher K+/Na+ ratio and 4- (50 mM) and 40- (200 mM) fold higher glutathione reductase activity in M4209 as compared with that in Co86032, suggesting better ionic and redox homeostasis. RNAseq based transcriptome profiling in M4209 indicated an extensive reprograming of stress responsive modules associated with photosynthesis, transmembrane transport and metabolic processes under 50 mM NaCl stress. Using ranking analysis, we identified PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase), ATL (Acyl-transferase like gene) and SATA (Salt-activated transcriptional activator) as top-ranked genes associated with M4209’s salt tolerance. Additionally, M4209 exhibited 3-4-fold higher photosynthetic rate, as compared with Co86032 under NaCl stress conditions. Taken together, our study highlights the significance of transcriptional reprogramming coupled with photosynthetic efficiency for regulating salt tolerance in sugarcane.
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