The sustainability of the water supply program in developing countries is influenced by many inter-linked and dynamic factors, suggesting the need to analyse the system behaviour of the water supply program. However, no study analyses factors influencing the sustainability of rural drinking water supply programs holistically, and this study aims to fill that gap. This study utilized a system dynamics approach based on a case study of a community-based rural drinking water supply program (PAMSIMAS in Bahasa) in Magelang Regency, Indonesia. Five sustainability aspects were considered in the model development and simulation: financial, institutional, environmental, technical, and social aspects. Eight scenario analyses related to those five aspects were conducted. The causal loop diagrams suggest that the overall loop in the system is reinforcing, meaning that the improvement in one aspect will improve the overall condition of the system and deterioration in one aspect will reduce the overall condition of the system. Scenario analysis shows that external fund is critical to support the program financially, especially at the beginning of the project when the piped system is being built and water revenue is still low. Scenario and sensitivity analyses revealed that human factors, i.e., the performance of the water board and response and support from the community, positively influence the sustainability of the water supply program. Additionally, the water board plays a key role in accelerating the pipe network growth. Finally, this paper argues that visualising and simulating the causal relationship and dynamic behaviour of the rural water supply program are critical for water stakeholders to better design and implement the water supply program.
Penggunaan kembali material limbah dengan cara mendaur ulang merupakan salah satu cara efektif untuk menghindari pencemaran lingkungan dan mengurangi volume timbulannya di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi ekonomi kegiatan daur ulang sampah plastik oleh sektor informal di Kecamatan Purwodadi. Penelitian dilakukan melalui survei menggunakan kuesioner terhadap 29 pelaku daur ulang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi ekonomi yang terdapat dalam usaha daur ulang sampah plastik pada tiap tingkatan pelaku daur ulang berbeda-beda. Berdasarkan analisis kelayakan ekonomi menggunakan nilai Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dapat disimpulkan bahwa usaha daur ulang tingkat penggiling layak secara ekonomi dengan nilai NPV Rp 923.395.260 (NPV > 1), nilai BCR 1,58 (BCR > 1), dan nilai IRR 56,82. Benefit (manfaat) dari implementasi program 3R sampah plastik pada sektor informal secara umum dapat digolongkan menjadi dua manfaat, yaitu manfaat langsung (direct benefit) dan manfaat tidak langsung (indirect benefit). Manfaat langsung (direct benefit) berupa keuntungan penjualan sampah plastik. Keuntungan bersih tiap jenis sampah plastik pada tingkat pemulung antara Rp 500-Rp 2.600, tingkat bank sampah berkisar antara Rp 100-Rp 400, tingkat pengepul I berkisar antara Rp 91,67-Rp 391,67, tingkat pengepul II berkisar antara Rp 173,46-Rp 473,46, tingkat bandar berkisar antara Rp 186,94-Rp 686,94, dan tingkat penggiling berkisar antara Rp 136,23-Rp 1.136,32. Manfaat tidak langsung (indirect benefit) adanya pengelolaan sampah plastik oleh sektor informal yaitu tereduksinya sampah plastik di Kecamatan Purwodadi sebesar 10,08%.
An environmentally sound management of plastic waste in Semarang City is necessary due to increasing plastic waste generation; limited capacity of Jatibarang Final Disposal; dangers of open burning of plastic waste; pollution of water resources both surface water and sea water; and limited amount of raw materials for the manufacture of plastic resin. This study aims to present the assessment of plastic waste management from collection to final disposal as well as its estimated generation. A field study was conducted to identify the material flow of plastic waste, particularly PET bottles. To estimate the potential generation of plastic waste, a top-down approach was used. The volume of plastic waste in Semarang reached 16.28% of the total municipal waste, in which the highest part of inorganic waste. The total estimated plastic waste generation in Semarang City, particularly from households, was 1012.486 m3/day. There is an urgent need for improving the plastic management in Semarang due to existing low recycling rate.
Discharge data is one of the important data in evaluating the reliability of water resources management in the watershed. Most watersheds in Indonesia do not have observed discharge data over a long period. While the availability of rainfall data is almost available in all watersheds with a much longer period. Therefore, it is necessary to convert rain into a runoff to obtain a discharge event with a long period. Rain-runoff transformation is a very complex process. Rain input contains the variability of space, time and uncertainty. A very complex hydrological analysis is needed to find out various parameters related to rain models for a runoff. One of the hydrological models that can be used is HEC-HMS 4.2. This paper aims to analyze the relationship of rainfall - runoff in the Garang watershed using HEC-HMS 4.2. For calibration, observational discharge data is used from AWLR Kreo. Based on optimization analysis, the hydrological parameter are obtained CN composite 66.4, groundwater content 128.48 mm, Initial Abstraction 25.7 mm and imperviousness 9.27%. The validity of the model is quite satisfactory, judging from the correlation values, RMSE and Nash.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.