Dataflow machines are programmable computers of which the hardware is optimized for fine-grain data-driven parallel computation. The principles and complications of datadriven execution are explained, as well as the advantages and costs of fine-grain parallelism. A general model for a dataflow machine is presented and the major design options are discussed.Most dataflow machines described in the literature are surveyed on the basis of this model and ita associated technology. For general-purpose computing the most promising dataflow machines are those that employ packet-switching communication and support general recursion. Such a recursion mechanism requires an extremely fast mechanism to map a sparsely occupied virtual space to a physical space of realistic size. No solution has yet proved fully satisfactory.A working prototype of one processing element is described in detail. On the basis of experience with this prototype, some of the objections raised against the dataflow approach are discussed. It appears that the overhead due to fine-grain parallelism can be made acceptable by sophisticated compiling and employing special hardware for the storage of data structures. Many computing-intensive programs show sufficient parallelism. In fact, a major problem is to restrain parallelism when machine resources tend to get overloaded. Another issue that requires further investigation is the distribution of computation and data structures over the processing elements.
The execution has been studied of four small and four medium‐sized SASL programs, when interpreted by a variant of Turner's combinator reducer. Size, structure and composition of the combinator graph have been analysed at frequent intervals during the reduction process. The most interesting results are summarized and discussed. Nodes of the graph live rather short lives and are usually not shared. Cycles are rare, and linear lists are often short. In most aspects the behaviour of the graph is quite ordinary in the sense that a simple model is sufficient to obtain a good approximation.
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