Abstrak Kota Kendari merupakan suatu kawasan perkotaan dengan luas wilayah terkecil dan jumlah penduduk terpadat di Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Bencana kebakaran di Kota Kendari sering terjadi dan telah menimbulkan kerugian yang cukup banyak, hingga menelan korban jiwa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penilaian terhadap tingkat risiko bencana kebakaran di Kota Kendari dengan menggunakan pendekatan Sistem Pakar (Expert System) berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa tingkat risiko kebakaran di Kota Kendari terklasifikasi dalam empat kelas, yaitu tingkat risiko kebakaran sangat tinggi sebanyak 206 grid, tingkat risiko kebakaran tinggi sebanyak 6.815 grid, tingkat risiko kebakaran rendah sebanyak 46.175 grid, dan tingkat risiko kebakaran sangat rendah sebanyak 54.640 grid. Tingkat risiko kebakaran sangat tinggi di Kota Kendari merupakan kawasan terbangun yang berpenduduk padat dengan dominasi jenis material bangunan kayu dan campuran, terletak pada daerah dengan morfologi berbukit, dan aksesibilitas hanya dilalui oleh jalan umum yang memiliki lebar jalur lalu lintas <4 meter. Wilayah dengan tingkat risiko sangat rendah merupakan kawasan non-terbangun yang didominasi oleh badan air (sungai dan rawa), hutan dan sebagian kawasan pertanian (kebun). Kawasan tersebut bermorfologi datar, berbukit dan bergunung. Kata kunci : Model, SIG, Sistem Pakar, Risiko KebakaranAbstract Kendari city is an urban area with the smallest area and the densest population in Southeast Sulawesi Province. Fire disaster in the city of Kendari often occurs and has caused considerable losses, to claim casualties. This study aims to assess the risk degree of fire disaster in Kendari City using Expert System Approach based on Geographic Information System (GIS). The results showed that the degrees of fire risk in Kendari City were classified into four classes, ie very high fire risk degree, 206 grid, high fire risk degree, 6,815 grid, low fire risk degree, 46.175 grid, and very low fire risk, as many as 54.640 grids. The high fire risk degree in Kendari City is a densely populated area, with dominance of wooden and mixed building materials, located in areas with hilly morphology, and accessibility is only by public roads with a traffic width of <4 meters, while fires with a very low-risk level is a non-built area dominated by water bodies (rivers and swamps), moist forests and some agricultural areas (gardens). This area is flat, hilly and mountainous.
Between the 15 th and the 20 th centuries, Tosora was a small city in the Wajo Kingdom. During its development, Tosora became the centre of global trade of the Bugis civilisation and produced several artefacts of potential cultural heritage value which were damaged during the war with the Dutch in the 20 th century. These artefacts, which include Islamic architecture, urban infrastructure, and graves of important personages of the Wayo Kingdom, risk disappearing if they are not properly managed. This study aims to map both the physical and non-physical historical products of Tosora for their spatial realisation to aid the effort to promote tourism. We mapped the physical development of the area, especially elements of its cultural heritage and activities, to reveal historical facts about the Wajo Kingdom. We used a qualitative approach based on several methods, from GIS-based spatial analysis for connecting activities to synchronic and diachronic reading techniques for analysing elements of urban morphology to study Tosora's development. The study found that the spatial evolution of urban Tosora was related to its historical process since the 15 th century and was based on non-physical forces that influenced the physical urban form of the city. The shift of the government centre from Wajo-Wajo to Tosora in the 17 th century and later to Sengkang in the 20 th century was dominated by social, economic, political and cultural factors. The Wajo Kingdom's end is reflected in the decline in Tosora's functions and roles.
Abstract:The purpose of this study is to identify the Buginese-Makassarese culture which is increasingly present in the settlements along the coastal area of Makassar. This study is meant to sharpen the standards and references of the coastal city's planning which will become more effective if the stakeholder paradigm of the local knowledge about appropriate modern science and technology development dynamics, technology and art, is built as the basis of thinking, decision making, and attitude toward planning and utilization in a coastal city. This study is useful for developing a model of coastal city planning with integrity based on the construction of culture and development of science, technology and art. This study explores local knowledge of the Buginese-Makassarese culture which emerged and developed in the past, also the social-cultural condition which is growing in the residence area along the coast of Makassar city. The method which is used is a triangle analysis, a method which analyzes the literature, in-depth interviews with community leaders, and observations of the socio-cultural and physical morphology in the research area. From this study, it was found that the Buginese-Makassarese community have local knowledge based on culture, cosmology, and philosophy which have been understood since long ago. Implementations of the cultural values that still exist in Makassar city have been able to influence the rules of the region which is more macro. Some of the culture values of the Buginese-Makassarese community are identified and applied in Makassar city's form, especially: the road pattern, the building shape, and the building orientation.
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