Methods Eight databases, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Popline, and Maternity and Infant Care, were searched, covering the period of January 2000 to January 2022. Studies that had examined the association between SBI and any form of child mortality were included. The findings of the included studies were summarized through fixed-effects or random-effects meta-analysis and the model was selected based on the heterogeneity index. Results A total of 51 studies were included. Of them, 19 were conducted in Ethiopia, 10 in Nigeria and 7 in Bangladesh. Significant higher likelihoods of stillbirth (odds ratio (OR) = 2.11; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32-3.38), early neonatal mortality (OR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.04-2.41), perinatal mortality (OR = 1.71; 95% CI = 1.32-2.21), neonatal mortality (OR = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.68-2.04), post-neonatal mortality (OR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.43-6.33), infant mortality (OR = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.77-2.07), child mortality (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.27-2.19) and under-five mortality (OR = 1.95; 95% CI = 1.56-2.44) were found among babies born in short birth intervals than those who born in normal intervals. Conclusions SBI significantly increases the risk of child mortality in LMICs. Programmes to reduce pregnancies in short intervals need to be expanded and strengthened. Reproductive health interventions aimed at reducing child mortality should include proper counselling on family planning, distribution of appropriate contraceptives and increased awareness of the adverse effects of SBI on maternal and child health.
This study aimed at developing a science-based Arabic language learning media based on Android mobile. The research method used was Research and Development. Validators included material and media experts, and practitioners. The testing phase included: limited phase I, II, and field trials. The subjects of the trial were students of the Department of Tadris IPA IAIN Salatiga. The data were obtained from documentation, questionnaire, and interviews. The results of the study were in the form of android-based software called “Bahasa Arab 1” with the validity score of 4.26 (very good); and practicality of 4.25 (very good). The results of the assessment through the limited phase I, II, and field trial stages are 4.30 (very good); 4,41 (very good); and 4.44 (very good). The characteristics and advantages of the product are: ability to be downloaded through google play store; ability to run offline; available learning objectives, training materials and evaluation of competency tests interactively.
Introduction Misconception related to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) have been spread out broadly and the the World Health Organization declared these as a major challenge to fight against the pandemic. This study aimed to assess COVID-19 related misconception among rural people in Bangladesh and associated socio-demographic and media related factors. Methods Multistage sampling method was used to collect data (n = 210) from three unions of Satkhira District, Bangladesh. The dependent variable was the presence of COVID-19 related misconception (Yes, No) which was generated based on respondents’ responses to a set of six questions on various types of misconception. Exposure variables were respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, mass media and social media exposure. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the respondents. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with COVID-19 misconception. Results More than half of the study respondents had one or more COVID-19 related misconception. Over 50% of the total respondents considered this disease as a punishment from God. Besides, many of the respondents reported that they do not think the virus causing COVID-19 is dangerous (59%) and it is a disease (19%). Around 7% reported they believe the virus is the part of a virus war (7.2%). The bivariate analysis found the presence of socio-demographic factors of the respondents, as well as the factors related to social and mass media, were significantly associated with the COVID-19’s misconception. However, once all factors considered together in the multivariate model, misconception were found to be lower among secondary (AOR, 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13–0.84) and tertiary (AOR, 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.92) educated respondents compared to the respondents with primary education. Conclusion This study obtained a very higher percentage of misconception about the COVID-19 among the respondents of Satkhira district in Bangladesh. This could be a potential challenge to fight against this pandemic which is now ongoing. Prioritizing mass and social media to disseminate evidence-based information as well as educate people about this disease are necessary.
This study aims to produce virtual laboratory interactive learning media that is effective and practical for the subject of physical optics. It uses the Research and Development (R & D) method. The material in the learning media includes dispersion, diffraction, interference, and polarization. Users of this product can be directly involved in observing, measuring and taking practical data. Product development has been validated by material expert, media expert, and practitioners (teachers). This product has also been tested in one-to-one, small groups, and field trial. Based on the results of the assessment by material expert, media expert, teachers, and field trial, this learning media software is categorized as “excellent” with a value of 4.63 for validity, “medium” with an n-gain value of 0.37 for effectiveness, and “excellent” with a value of 4.49 for practicality.
Either field or literature studies recommended the need of learning media on human eyes topic which present learning objectives, materials, evaluations, and assessments. Also, the learning media should be able to support independent, interactive, and fun learnings. Learning media is developed through the steps of research and development. The developed product was an android application named “Human Eye Optics.” The product characteristics were: providing menus: learning objectives, materials, simulations, exercises, and evaluations; each menu has sub-menus such as eye parts, viewing process, and eye disorders; having five interactive and communicative simulation submenus; materials are described attractively through the use of full-color text and images; the teacher can use it as a learning device since it has covered learning objectives, materials, quizzes, exercises, and evaluations with assessment; the application could be referred to as an independent and repeatable learning source; and usable at anywhere and anytime. The product feasibility was categorized as “excellent” with a score of 4,60. The same thing went with the practicality which belonged to the “excellent” category with a score of 4,51. The effectivity achieved “high” with an n-gain of 0,76 while the average student activity was 89,02% and declared to be “very good.”.
The purpose of this research was to produce an Android-based learning media on Human Auditory System for VIII graders of Junior High School. The product is packed in the Application Package File (.apk) format and was triumphantly developed using the Research and Development model consisting of several stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The application contains Objectives, Materials, Simulation, and Interactive Evaluation. The product entitled “Human Auditory System” could be accessed on the Google Play Store. The application was assessed by materials experts, media experts, and teachers. Moreover, the product has gone through three stages of evaluation in VIII Grade of Junior High School students involving six students in One-to-One Trial, 12 students in Small-Scale Trial, and 30 students in Field Trial. The results showed that this product was conveniently used as the learning media for Human Auditory Systems in VIII Grade of Junior High School with a validity value of 4.22 (excellent), and a practicality score of 4.31 (excellent).
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan produk yang berupa buku ajar fisika untuk mahasiswa PGMI/PGSD dan Pendidik IPA berbasis keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi. Penelitian ini berpendekatan research and development dengan desain penelitian mengikuti model 4D, yakni define, design, develop, and disseminate. Tahap define meliputi studi lapangan dan studi literatur; design meliputi penentuan sumber daya dan perancangan produk awal; develop meliputi validasi dan revisi; dan disseminate meliputi pengemasan dan sosialisasi. Hasil penelitian berupa buku ajar yang berjudul “Konsep Dasar Fisika untuk Mahasiswa PGMI/PGSD dan Pendidik IPA”. Isi buku ajar meliputi 12 bab, yakni: Besaran dan Satuan; Pengukuran; Gerak; Gaya; Usaha, Energi, dan Daya; Pesawat Sederhana; Zat dan Wujud; Suhu, Pemuaian, dan Kalor; Getaran dan Gelombang; Gelombang Bunyi; Cahaya dan Alat Optik; dan Informasi Penting terkait Konsep Dasar Fisika. Hasil validasi dari ahli materi dan media menyatakan bahwa produk akhir dari pengembangan adalah layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar fisika untuk PGMI/PGSD dengan rerata persentase dan kriteria kelayakan isi, penyajian, Bahasa, kontekstualitas, dan kegrafikan berturut-turut sebesar: 86,08 % (sangat baik); 82,39 % (sangat baik); 87,50 % (sangat baik); 87,12 % (sangat baik); dan 90,18 % (sangat baik).
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