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All of our findings suggests that PGV-0 could protect the liver cells from CCl4-induced liver damages and the mechanism may through the antioxidative effect of PGV-0 to prevent the accumulation of free radicals and protect the liver damage.

Although it has been developed since 1972, the application of a population-based modeling approach in Indonesia, particularly to analyze biopharmaceutic and pharmacokinetic data remains very limited. This study was aimed to evaluate the performance of Monolix and NONMEM, two of the popular software packages in a population-based modeling approach, to analyze the limited data (sparse data) of the time profiles of the simulated plasma drug concentration of a theoretical compound. Monolix and NONMEM were used to model the limited data (40 data points) resulting from random selection of 180 data points of plasma drug concentrations (Cp) in 20 subjects at 0.25; 0.5; 0.75; 1; 1.5; 3; 6; 12 and 18 hours after per-oral administration of a 100mg of a theoretical compound. Values of the absorption rate constant (Ka), the elimination rate constant (Kel) and the distribution volume (Vd) of sparse data estimated using Monolix and NONMEM, were compared to the respective values of rich data obtained by a conventional two-stage approach using PKSolver. The calculation system of a nonlinear mixed effect model in Monolix and NONMEM, successfully describes the sparse data, based on the visual evaluation of the goodness of fit. Comparison of parameter estimates of population values in Monolix and NONMEM are in the range of 94 to 108% of the real values of the rich data analyzed by PKSolver. A population-based modeling can adequately describe limited or sparse data, demonstrating its capability as an important tool in clinical studies, involving patients.

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Hasil belajar merupakan bagian yang sangat penting dalam proses penentu keberhasilan pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan bahan ajar inkuiri terbimbing yang layak, praktis dan efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Subjek penelitian ini terdiri dari 60 peserta didik kelas X SMAN 1   Lembar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan mengacu pada 4D. Model yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini hanya sampai pada tahap Develop, sedangkan tahap Disseminate tidak dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua kelas, yaitu kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Kelas eksperimen diajar menggunakan bahan ajar berbasis inkuiri terbimbing, sedangkan kelas kontrol diajar menggunakan bahan ajar konvensional. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh bahwa: (1) bahan ajar berbasis inkuiri terbimbing dan instrumen tes hasil belajar yang divalidasi memperoleh nilai rata-rata 77,7% dengan kriteria validitas tinggi; (2) kepraktisan yang diperoleh dari respon guru dan peserta didik memperoleh nilai rata-rata 83,5% dengan kriteria sangat praktis, serta keterlaksanaan pembelajaran memperoleh nilai rata-rata 81,5% dengan kriteria sangat praktis; (3) hasil belajar kelas eksperimen memperoleh peningkatan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol memperoleh peningkatan sedang. Kesimpulannya, bahan ajar berbasis inkuiri terbimbing yang dikembangkan valid, praktis dan efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Kata Kunci : Bahan Ajar, Biologi, Inkuiri Terbimbing, Hasil Belajar

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the implementation of MBKM in the learning process using the case method and team based project implemented by the study program at Unikama. This research is a descriptive research with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research method used is a survey method using a questionnaire. The research subjects were determined based on the research objectives, namely the entire academic community and stakeholders in the Unikama environment. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the case method and Team Based Project is one method that is in accordance with the MBKM program and is actually able to provide opportunities to improve student skills, namely Creativity Skills, Critical Thinking Skills, Communication Skills, and Collaboration Skills (4C), so that better quality of graduates. The implementation of MBKM using Case Method and Team Base Project Learning has been carried out by lecturers

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