Abstract. Indonesia is a tropical country with abundant tropical timber that can be used as a building material. Wood is a renewable material, thus making it an environmentally friendly construction material. However, the dimensional limitations of solid wood may pose problems in structural constructions. Wood material also has some disadvantages, such as brittle failure. However, the ductility of wood can be increased because of plasticity occurring in the compression zone. Wood material with good ductility can be obtained by reinforcing it in the tensile zone. This study is about the strength of wood material for use as a material for structural elements. Based on the analytical findings, the bending capacity of wood can be improved by adding reinforcements to the tensile zone.
Abstract. Wood is a natural resource that is renewable and available in various species in tropical countries. Its abundancy in nature makes it easy to obtain, thus making it a nature friendly material for use in construction. Indonesia is the most important source of tropical wood in the world after Brazil, making the use of wood for structural elements very desirable. It is estimated that 4000 different varieties of wood exist in Indonesia. This estimate is based on the herbarium species collected by the Forestry Research Institute, currently counting nearly 4000 types of trees with a diameter of more than 40 cm. In the Indonesian wood structure code, the strength of woods is divided into 3 grades (grade I, II and III). This paper presents an evaluation of the mechanical properties of glulam wood sourced from native Indonesian timber: Bengkirai wood (grade I), Kamper wood (grade II), and Nyatoh wood (grade III), thus proving the potential for Indonesian wood as industrial structural elements in wooden constructions.
This study covered numerical analysis models of lightweight concrete panels with a variety of thicknesses and door opening positions. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the dimension of lightweight concrete nonstructural panels with door openings in resisting static lateral loads. The lightweight concrete became generally used since its’ effectiveness in reducing gravity loads. Therefore, the lateral deformation of buildings due to the earthquake became smaller. However, the behavior of the lightweight concrete panels as non-structural elements still needed to be explored, especially under influence of structural elements when an earthquake occurred. There were three variations of the door opening positions on the panels. The varied thicknesses were 40 mm, 50 mm, and 60 mm with and without the addition of wire mesh reinforcement. The panels were subjected to increased static monotonic loads until the panels were collapsed. The analysis results were the relation curves of loads and deformations, and the shapes of deformation that occurred on each model. The analysis results of each panel showed different behaviors and values. In general, the variation of thickness resulted in the conclusion that the thickest panels were able to resist higher loads. The use of wire mesh affected significantly panel behavior. The panels with wire mesh became more rigid so that the resisted loads were higher, but the deformation became smaller, and vice versa while the panel without a wire mesh resisted lower loads but the deformation became larger.
[ID] Indonesia merupakan negara dengan resiko gempa tinggi, hal ini diakibatkan oleh pertemuan lempeng-lempeng tektonik utama dan lempeng kecil lainnya yang mengelilingi Indonesia. Setiap wilayah indonesia memiliki tingkat resiko gempa yang berbeda-beda, mulai dari resiko gempa rendah hingga resiko gempa tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbandingan respons dan kinerja struktur suatu bangunan gedung di beberapa wilayah yang mewakili tingkat resiko gempa rendah hingga tinggi. Adapun wilayah-wilayah yang ditinjau dalam penelitian ini yaitu wilayah Pontianak, Palembang, Jakarta, Bandar Lampung, dan Palu. Analisis dilakukan pada bangunan beton bertulang empat lantai dengan dinding geser dengan menggunakan bantuan program SAP 2000 guna mendapatkan repons dan kinerja struktur. Hasil respons struktur dari penelitian menunjukkan nilai simpangan lateral lantai dari yang terbesar hingga terkecil yaitu dimulai dari wilayah Palu, Bandar Lampung, Jakarta, Palembang, dan Pontianak. Wilayah Palu memiliki nilai simpangan lateral lantai yang terbesar yaitu 23,745 mm dan 23,690 mm untuk arah X dan Y sedangkan wilayah Pontianak memiliki nilai simpangan lateral lantai terkecil dengan besar simpangan lateral 7,571 mm dan 7,439 mm untuk arah X dan Y. Berdasarkan analisis pushover didapatkan level kinerja struktur memiliki level kinerja B untuk Wilayah Palu dan IO untuk wilayah lainnya. [EN] Indonesia is a country with a high risk of earthquake due to the meeting of the main tectonic plates and other small plates that surround Indonesia. Each area in this country has a different level of earthquake risk, ranging from low to high earthquake risk. This study aims to compare the response and structural performance of buildings in some areas with low to high earthquake risk levels. The areas covered Pontianak, Palembang, Jakarta, Bandar Lampung, and Palu. The analysis was carried out on a four-story reinforced concrete with shear walls using the SAP 2000 program to obtain the response and performance of the building structure. The results of the structural response showed the value of the floor lateral deviation from the largest to the smallest, starting from Palu, Bandar Lampung, Jakarta, Palembang, and Pontianak. Pulu has the largest floor lateral deviation values of 23.745 mm and 23.690 mm for the X and Y directions, while Pontianak has the smallest floor lateral deviation values of 7.571 mm and 7.439 mm for the X and Y directions. Based on the pushover analysis, the structure has a performance level of B for Palu areas and IO for other areas.
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