Analysis of the Strength of Timber and Glulam Timber Beams with Steel Reinforcement

Usman, Arie Putra; Sugiri, Saptahari

doi:10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2015.47.6.1

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Beams P1 and P4 showed an almost ideally plastic (flat) curve after first yield while P3 had a more hardening type of increasing curve after first yield. The final failure mode was a tension failure on the tension side of the beams in the same way as for the unreinforced beams, see Figure 9 for beam P3 (Usman and Sugiri 2015). However, contrary to the unreinforced beams compressive plasticization were now observed on the compression side, see Figure 9 for beam P3.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Numerous studies have been conducted based on a wide range of different reinforcement concepts. In these studies, a variety of reinforced materials and positions in the beam have been used such as steel strands (Bohannan 1964), fiberreinforced plastic (Plevris and Triantafillou 1992), glass fibers (Fiorelli and Dias 2006), steel tendons (Mcconnell et al 2014), steel plates (Usman and Sugiri 2015), CFRP plates (Glišović et al 2015) and FRP bars (Johnsson et al 2006, Yang et al 2016. Both reinforcements with no pretensioning (here denoted passive reinforcements) and pretensioned reinforcements (here denoted active reinforcements) have been tried.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental analysis of passively and actively reinforced glued-laminated timber with focus on ductility

Livas

Ekevad

Öhman

2021

Wood Material Science & Engineering

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When glued-laminated timber are subjected to bending moment, they usually fail in a brittle way in the tension zone before the compressive zone reaches the compressive strength of wood. This means that the compression strength of wood is not fully exploited. By reinforcing the tension zone, the failure mode of glued-laminated timber can be changed from tensile to compressive. As a result, by utilizing the higher compressive strength, reinforced glued-laminated timber become stronger and the failure mode becomes compressive and ductile. This paper presents experimental results of the effect of steel reinforcements in the tension zone of glued-laminated timber. Four passively reinforced beams, four actively reinforced beams, and seven unreinforced beams were tested to failure in four-point bending tests. The experimental results confirmed the brittle tension failure in the unreinforced beams as well as the ductile and compressive failure in the reinforced beams. Furthermore, the experiments revealed the increase of the passively and the actively reinforced glued-laminated timber relative to the reference beams for strengths (26% and 39%) and stiffnesses (30% and 11%). Ductilities were increased from 7.7% for the reference beams to 90% and 75% for the passively and the actively reinforced glued-laminated timber, respectively.

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Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental analysis of passively and actively reinforced glued-laminated timber with focus on ductility

Livas

Ekevad

Öhman

2021

Wood Material Science & Engineering

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show abstract

“…Accessibilities is one of major challenges in rural area to manage construction project [36]. The 'ruralness' and long distance of the project complicates the process of provide delivery to the construction; for example, machinery for excavation.…”

Section: Difficulties In Providing Delivery To Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Study of factors influencing construction delays at rural area in Malaysia

Ramli

Malek

Hanipah

et al. 2018

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. Construction is one of an important industry which contributes to the economic growth in Malaysia. However, it has been revealed that 79.5 percent and 66.7 percent of the public and private projects were not completed within the time specified in the contracts out of 359 projects in Malaysia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the delay factor caused project delay at rural area. A 5-points Likert scale questionnaire survey were answered by 111 respondents which having experience with rural construction project. The questionnaire data were analysed by using Relative Importance Index (RII). Five top factors were determined from this study based on their RII values which are improper construction method implemented by contractor, weather condition, difficulties in providing delivery to site, breakdown of site equipment, and poor qualification of contractor's technical staffs.

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“…With the development of new progressive materials, however, the possibility of replacing steel or aluminium with more eco-friendly materials, such as FRP composites, could be achieved. Strengthening timber beams using steel or FRP materials in the tension zone is a very effective method of improving the resistance and stiffness of timber structures [ 1 , 6 , 7 ]. In addition, the use of plant-based fibres for making sustainable eco-friendly and biodegradable materials has increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Glued Laminated Beams Strengthened by Pre-Stressed Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Bars

2023

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Damage often develops in glued laminated timber members under high bending loads due to natural defects in the timber, which results in their low load-bearing capacity and stiffness. In order to improve the bending mechanical properties of glulam beams, a new type of longitudinal glulam reinforcement with pre-stressed basalt fibre-reinforced polymer composites (BFRP) was developed using the Near Surface Mounted (NSM) technique. The strengthening method consisted of two pre-stressed BFRP bars glued into the grooves at the bottom side of the beam; meanwhile, for the second strengthening alternative, the third BFRP bar was embedded into the groove at the top side of the beam. Therefore, an experimental study was carried out to verify this strengthening technique, in which fifteen full-size timber beams were tested with and without bonded BFRP bar reinforcement in three series. According to the results of this experimental study, it can be seen that the effective load-bearing capacity of the reinforced beams increased up to 36% and that the stiffness of the beams increased by 23% compared to the unreinforced beams. The tensile stresses in the wooden fibres were reduced by 11.32% and 25.42% on average for the beams reinforced with two and three BFRP bars, respectively. On the other hand, the compressive stresses were reduced by 16.53% and 32.10% compared to the unreinforced beams. The usual failure mode saw the cracking of the wood fibres at the defects, while for some specimens, there were also signs of cracks in the epoxy adhesive bond; however, the crack propagation was, overall, significantly reduced. The numerical calculations also show a good correlation with the experimental results. The difference in the results between the experimental and numerical analysis of the reinforced and unreinforced full-sized beams ranged between 3.63% and 11.45%.

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Analysis of the Strength of Timber and Glulam Timber Beams with Steel Reinforcement

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental analysis of passively and actively reinforced glued-laminated timber with focus on ductility

Experimental analysis of passively and actively reinforced glued-laminated timber with focus on ductility

Study of factors influencing construction delays at rural area in Malaysia

An Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Glued Laminated Beams Strengthened by Pre-Stressed Basalt Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Bars

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