Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are natural or engineered peptide sequences with the intrinsic ability to internalize into a diversity of cell types and simultaneously transport hydrophilic molecules and nanomaterials, of which the cellular uptake is often limited. In addition to this primordial activity of cell penetration without membrane disruption, multivalent antimicrobial activity accompanies some CPPs. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with cell-penetrability exert their effect intracellularly, and they are of great interest. CPPs with antimicrobial activity (CPAPs) comprise a particular class of bioactive peptides that arise as promising agents against difficult-to-treat intracellular infections. This short review aims to present the antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antiviral effects of various cell-penetrating antimicrobial peptides currently documented. Examples include the antimicrobial effects of different CPAPs against bacteria that can propagate intracellularly, like Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Chlamydia trachomatis, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium sp., Listeria sp., Salmonella sp. among others. CPAPs with antiviral effects that interfere with the intracellular replication of HIV, hepatitis B, HPV, and herpes virus. Additionally, CPAPs with activity against protozoa of the genera Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium, the etiological agents of Leishmaniasis, Chagas’ Disease, and Malaria, respectively. The information provided in this review emphasizes the potential of multivalent CPAPs, with anti-infective properties for application against various intracellular infections. So far, CPAPs bear a promise of druggability for the translational medical use of CPPs alone or in combination with chemotherapeutics. Moreover, CPAPs could be an exciting alternative for pharmaceutical design and treating intracellular infectious diseases.

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The large consumption of cashew nut from Anacardium occidentale L., Anacardiaceae, generates accumulation of shells, a solid by-product from agri-food industry. The cashew nut shell liquid is rich in phenolic lipids, recognized for its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, and the shell of this fruit carry the great oil. For these reasons, this study aimed to investigate the potential of the residual shells as a source of phenolic lipids and bioactive extract for pharmaceutical applications. The ethyl acetate extract from the oil of the chestnut bark of A. occidentale (M3 extract) was optimized to obtain a phenolic lipid-rich extract and preparative chromatography was used to increase the yield of isolated phenolic lipid derivatives. In addition, the toxicity profile, anti-inflammatory, and acute and chronic anti-arthritis activities of the M3 extract were evaluated in in vivo models. The M3 extract (25-100 mg/kg) on zymosan-induced air pouch and arthritis models revealed a significant antiedematogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory potential. The post-treatment with M3 extract at dose of 100 mg/kg dependently improved a complete Freud's adjuvant-induced arthritis model, with prevention osteoarticular degradation. Therefore, these results report that bioactive M3 extract obtained from by-product is safe, eco-friendly, and promising for the rheumatoid arthritis therapy.

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RESUMOO estilo de vida dos estudantes universitários envolvem comportamentos que podem comprometer tanto a saúde como a qualidade de vida (QV). Objetivo: verificar a percepção da QV, níveis de atividade física e variáveis antropométricas em graduandos do curso de Educação Física em uma instituição privado na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Método: foram selecionados 122 acadêmicos de ambos os gêneros, este valor referente a 31% do total de matriculados em 2014.2, noite. Utilizou-se como métodos WHOQOL-abreviado para QV, o Questionário Internacional de Atividades Físicas--curto, para os níveis de atividade física e a relação cintura/pescoço e cintura/quadril para as variáveis antropométricas. Resultados: as médias do questionário WHOQOL-abreviado atingiram posição satisfatória, com média para o domínio físico= 27,3±3,6, psicoló-gico= 23,4±2,9 e as relações sociais de 11,8±2,1, já o domínio meio ambiente demostrou perfil mais baixo, com média de 25,8±4,4. O nível de atividades físicas apresentou 6 alunos (4%) como sedentários, 60 (49%) como ativos e 56 (45%) como muito ativos. As medidas antropométricas analisadas não demostraram dados significantes (p=0,91). ABSTRACTThe lifestyle of college students involve behaviors that can compromise both health and quality of life (QOL). Objective: verify the perception of QOL, physical activity levels and anthropometric variables in the undergraduate Physical Education course at a private institution in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. Method: to this end, 122 students of both genders were selected, this figure for 31% of total enrollment in 2014.2, night. Was used as WHOQOL-abbreviated methods to QV, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short, for levels of physical activity and waist / neck and waist / hip for the anthropometric variables. Results: the average of WHOQOL-abbreviated questionnaire had satisfactory position, with an average for the physical domain = 27.3 ± 3.6, 23.4 ± 2.9 = psychological and social relations of 11.8 ± 2.1, since the Domain lower half profile demonstrated environment, averaging 25.8 ± 4.4. The level of physical activity showed 6 students (4%) as sedentary, 60 (49%) and 56 as active (45%) as very active. The analyzed anthropometric me-

Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4.

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Exceto onde especificado diferentemente, a matéria publicada neste periódico é licenciada sob forma de uma licença Creative Commons -Atribuição 4.