Potentialities of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale) By-Product for Pharmaceutical Applications: Extraction and Purification Technologies, Safety, and Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritis Activities

Santos, Ariane Teixeira dos; Guerra, Gerlane Coelho Bernardo; Marques, José I.; Torres-Rêgo, Manoela; Alves, Jovelina Samara Ferreira; Vasconcelos, Roseane Carvalho; Araújo, Daline Fernandes de Souza; Abreu, Lucas Silva; Carvalho, Thaís Gomes de; Araújo, Daniel Rodrigo Cavalcante de; Tavares, Josean Fechine; Araújo, Aurigena Antunes de; Júnior, Raimundo Fernandes de Araújo; Fernandes-Pedrosa, Matheus de Freitas; Ferreira, Leandro de Santis; Zucolotto, Silvana Maria

doi:10.1007/s43450-020-00090-w

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, paw diameter was significantly reduced in the SsBu-treated group. Several studies proved the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiarthritic potential of phenolic acids and flavonoids (dos Santos et al, 2020). Findings related to quantitative phytochemical analysis exposed the presence of phenols and flavonoids in SsBu, suggesting that the presence of phenols and flavonoids helped in reducing inflammation in arthritis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Antiarthritic potential of the butanol fraction of Sesuvium sesuvioides: An in vitro, in vivo, and in silico evaluation

et al. 2023

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Sesuvium sesuvioides (Fenzl) Verdc (Aizoaceae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of inflammation, arthritis, and gout. However, its antiarthritic potential has not been evaluated scientifically. The current study was designed to assess the antiarthritic properties of the n-butanol fraction of S. sesuvioides (SsBu) by phytochemical analysis, in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities, and in silico studies. Phytochemical analysis showed total phenolic contents (90.7 ± 3.02 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid contents (23.7 ± 0.69 mg RE/g), and further analysis by GC-MS identified possible bioactive phytocompounds belonging to phenols, flavonoids, steroids, and fatty acids. The in vitro antioxidant potential of SsBu was assessed by DPPH (175.5 ± 7.35 mg TE/g), ABTS (391.6 ± 17.1 mg TE/g), FRAP (418.2 ± 10.8 mg TE/g), CUPRAC (884.8 ± 7.97 mg TE/g), phosphomolybdenum (5.7 ± 0.33 mmol TE/g), and metal chelating activity (9.04 ± 0.58 mg EDTAE/g). Moreover, in the in vitro studies, inhibition (%) of egg albumin and bovine serum albumin denaturation assays showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of SsBu at the dose of 800 μg/ml was comparable to that of diclofenac sodium used as a standard drug. The in vivo antiarthritic activity was assessed to determine the curative impact of SsBu against formalin-induced (dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) effect 72.2% inhibition at 750 mg/kg compared to standard; 69.1% inhibition) and complete Freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis (40.8%; inhibition compared to standard, 42.3%). SsBu significantly controlled PGE-2 level compared to the control group (p < 0.001) and restored the hematological parameters in rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment with SsBu significantly reduced oxidative stress by reinstating superoxide dismutase, GSH, and malondialdehyde along with pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α) in arthritic rats. Molecular docking revealed the antiarthritic role of major identified compounds. Kaempferol-3-rutinoside was found to be more potent for COX-1 (−9.2 kcal/mol) and COX-2 inhibition (−9.9 kcal/mol) than diclofenac sodium (COX-1, −8.0 and COX-2, −6.5 kcal/mol). Out of the 12 docked compounds, two for COX-1 and seven for COX-2 inhibition showed more potent binding than the standard drug. The results from the in vitro, in vivo, and in silico approaches finally concluded that the n-butanol fraction of S. sesuvioides had antioxidant and antiarthritic potential, which may be due to the presence of potential bioactive compounds.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Antiarthritic potential of the butanol fraction of Sesuvium sesuvioides: An in vitro, in vivo, and in silico evaluation

et al. 2023

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“…The anti-inflammatory effects of cashew are due to its interaction with the transcriptional factor NFkB, specifically there is inhibition of this pathway, resulting in a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines. Antioxidant effects are due to action on several factors: the anacardic acid acts on lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase [98]; in addition, polyphenols and flavonoids have antioxidant action as they modulate oxidative balance and also have been seen to act on the Nrf2 pathway, promoting its translocation into the nucleus resulting in the synthesis of cytoprotective enzymes such as NADPH quinone dehydrogenase NQO-1 and HO-1. Additionally, the modulation of Nrf2 pathway influences other important molecular pathways and mechanism: such as NLRP3 and apoptosis.…”

Section: Cashewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Regulation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Pathway: Focus on Acai Berries and Pistachios and Cashews as Natural Food Sources

Paola¹,

Cuzzocrea²,

Fusco³

et al. 2023

Biochemistry

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Inflammation is a biological reaction to oxidative stress in which cell starts producing proteins, enzymes, and other substances to restore homeostasis, while oxidative stress could be intrinsically a biochemical imbalance of the physiologically redox status of the intracellular environment. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway, which controls the transcription of numerous antioxidant genes that protect cellular homeostasis and detoxification genes that process and eliminate all toxic compounds and substances before they can cause damage. The Nrf2 pathway is the heart of the daily biological response to oxidative stress. Transient activation of Nrf2 by diet can upregulate antioxidant enzymes to protect cells against oxidative stress inducers. In this chapter, we summarize the effects of some novel foods in the regulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway and its cellular mechanisms.

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“…The samples were centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 5 min at 4 • C. Here, 1 mL sterile saline solution (0.9 mg/mL) was added to the cell pellet and a total leukocyte count was performed with the aid of the Neubauer chamber, with the sample diluted in the Turk solution (1:10). The results were expressed as the total number of leukocytes (×10 6 /mL) [67,68].…”

Section: Zymosan-induced Air Pouch Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Characterization of Chitooligosaccharides: Evaluation of Acute Toxicity, Healing, and Anti-Inflammatory Actions

Andrade

Araújo

Torres-Rêgo

et al. 2021

IJMS

Self Cite

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The search for promising biomolecules such as chitooligosaccharides (COS) has increased due to the need for healing products that act efficiently, avoiding complications resulting from exacerbated inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to produce COS in two stages of hydrolysis using chitosanases derived from Bacillus toyonensis. Additionally, this study aimed to structurally characterize the COS via mass spectrometry, to analyze their biocompatibility in acute toxicity models in vivo, to evaluate their healing action in a cell migration model in vitro, to analyze the anti-inflammatory activity in in vivo models of xylol-induced ear edema and zymosan-induced air pouch, and to assess the wound repair action in vivo. The structural characterization process pointed out the presence of hexamers. The in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of COS was reaffirmed. The COS stimulated the fibroblast migration. In the in vivo inflammatory assays, COS showed an antiedematogenic response and significant reductions in leukocyte migration, cytokine release, and protein exudate. The COS healing effect in vivo was confirmed by the significant wound reduction after seven days of the experiment. These results indicated that the presence of hexamers influences the COS biological properties, which have potential uses in the pharmaceutical field due to their healing and anti-inflammatory action.

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Potentialities of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale) By-Product for Pharmaceutical Applications: Extraction and Purification Technologies, Safety, and Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritis Activities

Cited by 6 publications

References 68 publications

Antiarthritic potential of the butanol fraction of Sesuvium sesuvioides: An in vitro, in vivo, and in silico evaluation

Antiarthritic potential of the butanol fraction of Sesuvium sesuvioides: An in vitro, in vivo, and in silico evaluation

Dietary Regulation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Pathway: Focus on Acai Berries and Pistachios and Cashews as Natural Food Sources

Production and Characterization of Chitooligosaccharides: Evaluation of Acute Toxicity, Healing, and Anti-Inflammatory Actions

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