The experiment was designed to evaluate the silage quality of sorghum forage varieties of Citayam and BMR 3.6 strain at different harvesting times and the effectiveness of a legumes addition as a concentrate substitute in sorghum forage silage-based diets on in vitro fermentability using rumen fluid of beef cattle. Experimental design for silage quality was completely randomized design with 2 x 3 factorial, i.e., forage sorghum types (Citayam and BMR 3.6) and time of harvesting the forage sorghum (85, 95, and 105 d). Experimental design for in vitro fermentability and digestibility was randomized block design with 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, i.e. types of ration (with 2 levels i.e., a mixture of legumes and concentrate) and types of sorghum forage silages (with 2 levels i.e., Citayam and BMR 3.6). All silages had a good odor, color, and texture. Silage of sorghum harvested at 105 d had better grades and was selected for in vitro studies. The treatment had no effect on pH and organic matter digestibility. BMR 3.6 based silage had greater values of NH 3 , total VFA, rumen microbial population, methane, and dry matter digestibility. Substitution of concentrate with a mixture of legumes did not affect fermentability, microbe population and digestibility in the rumen. Silage of sorghum strain BMR 3.6 harvested at 105 d had a very good quality and mixing with legumes could replace concentrate in forage sorghum silage based diet on in vitro fermentability and digestibility using beef cattle rumen fluid.
humans and the environment. The improper management that leads to rapid plastic pollution in the marine and coastal areas has threatened the quality of the ecosystem, coastal sanitation and aesthetics, and human health due to seafood Ardiansyah
This study aims to measure the level of income and the feasibility of the shredded fish processing business. Data collection in the field was carried out from January 2020 to April 2020 in Teluk Sulaiman village. The sampling method used the census method with all members of the population as respondents. namely 15 processors. Data analysis methods used are income analysis and business feasibility analysis with indicators of revenue-cost ratio (R / C). Break Even Point (BEP). Payback Period (PP). and return on investment (ROI). The results showed that the shredded fish processing business in Teluk Sulaiman Village generated an average income of IDR 1.619.025 per month per processor. The shredded fish processing business is feasible to be implemented with an R / C value of 2.2. BEP conditions under actual conditions. a Payback period of 1.2 years. and an ROI value of 86.2. Problems in the shredded fish processing business are that the raw material for shredded fish is not available throughout the year. limited business capital. and marketing is still local in nature.
purpose of this study was to determine the impact rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems. This study conduced during amonth in Berbas Pantai Village, Bontang District. The result showed that the negative and pasitivr impacts of the rehabilitation activites. The positive impact the rehabilitation is the area used as torist are and braek water erosion. Eventough the high cost and lack of success in the area for rehabilitation direct positive impact on the community as a tourist areas in based on the regression model and obtained values Rp1.310.168 the average value of visitor to the mangrove ecosystem in 2015 amounted 12,375 and the numbers trvel to mangrove ecosystem result is obtained Rp4.632.382 hectare/year.Indirect Use Value (IUV) are the benefits of mangrove ecosystems indirectly. The physical benefits are benefits of the mangrove ecosystem as a drag abrasion estimated by replacement cost of manufacture concrete beach for Breakwater (break water). Negative the impactofthis activityisa considerable costforthe rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems that this Rp21.795.000 of replanting mangrove ecosystem. Then, from the manufacture of garden toursand a lack of supervision of the local government for the sustainability of this region. The total value of mangrove showed Rp-16.301.380 This shows the magnitude of the negative impacton the value of compare positive impact on mangrove ecosystem rehabilitation.
The accumulation of plastics in marine environment has increased the global risk of water pollution. Its uncontrolled production and existing management capacity have brought a burden on current plastic waste management, especially in Jakarta Bay. It has a negative impact on land, ecosystems, and especially the food chain and marine organisms. Their improper management has reduced the quality of environment, human health, and influenced economic sectors. Economic activities which involve coastal areas have consistently become a major source of plastic waste leakage either directly or indirectly. This study aims to analyze current source and its distribution patterns of plastic waste leakage in estuaries of Jakarta Bay using in-depth interviews and field observations. The results show the estuaries at the eastern part of Jakarta Bay is the highest potential for plastic waste leakage, followed by the western part, and the middle part is the least contributing plastic waste of leakage. The various sources of leakage in the estuaries are identified, including the behavior of the community that is vulnerable to exacerbates the existence of leakage. Handling capacities are limited including facilities, and the intensity of collection in the wide coverage of the operating area made the challenges to the responsible authorities.
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