Background: Fatty liver is associated with several atherosclerotic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. It has also been related to insulin resistance. This association was found in NIDDM patients as well as in non-diabetic subjects. An increased intima-media thickness (IMT) has been shown to be a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. The aim of the present study is to investigate associations between hepatic steatosis and the risk of atherosclerosis.Methods: The present study was carried out on 88 patients of fatty liver disease and 80 controls in the department of General Medicine. An approximate equal number of age and sex matched persons without fatty liver were selected randomly as controls. Both fatty liver disease patients (i.e NAFLD and AFLD) and control group were further divided into two categories, one with risk factor for atherosclerosis and other without risk factors. Risk factors for atherosclerosis were taken according to ATP III guidelines.Results: When comparison of mean CIMT was done in NAFLD, AFLD and controls in a particular age group, significant difference was found in mean CIMT (both sides) in age group 40-49 yrs (p value 0.03, 0.002 for right and left respectively). The difference was also significant in mean CIMT of right in age group 18-24 yrs (p value 0.015) and in >60 years (p value 0.03). Among, NAFLD patients, for left mean CIMT p value was 0.0001, for right mean CIMT p value was 0.0001. Among AFLD patients, for left mean CIMT p value was 0.006 and for right mean CIMT p value was 0.0022. Only statistically significant difference was found in mean CIMT (left) in grade II fatty liver (p value 0.04). NAFLD and controls without risk factors for atherosclerosis, mean CIMT (both side) in NAFLD was found to be significantly more than control (p value 0.04). AFLD patients and controls without risk factors for atherosclerosis, mean CIMT of both side in AFLD patients was found to be significantly more than controls (p value for left CIMT 0.02 and for right CIMT 0.00001).Conclusions: CIMT was found to increase with advancing age in all three group i.e. NAFLD, AFLD and control group. CIMT was more in patients of fatty liver disease (both NAFLD and AFLD) having risk factor for atherosclerosis as compared to those without risk factors. Both NAFLD and AFLD are associated with increased CIMT in comparison to control group. As such all NAFLD and AFLD patients should be investigated for carotid atherosclerosis, as its early detection and management may be helpful in limiting the inherent complications of atherosclerosis.
Introduction: Various studies have demonstrated superiority of SAAG (serum ascites albumin gradient) in classifying ascites compared to transudate-exudate concept but with conflicting observations. Ascitic fluid total protein (AFTP) level in ascitic fluid is a much cheaper alternative to the serum ascites albumin gradient ratio. Hence in the study, we have compared the diagnostic accuracy of the old cheaper traditional method against the new method. Methods: Total 102 patients of Ascites were included in the study from J.A. group of hospital, G.R.Medical College (M.P.) in year 2013-15. All medical causes of ascites were included in our study and Non medical causes were excluded. The collected data was analyzed by using Pearson Chi-square statistical analysis to determine correlation between variables. Result: For prediction of liver disease it was found that SAAG was significantly (p value 0.0341) more predictive of Liver disease compared to AFTP. SAAG (p value<0.0009) and AFTP (p value 0.49) were both significant for differentiating cause of ascites when comparison was done between liver and non-liver disease. Conclusion: AFTP is a good surrogate marker for detection of liver disease in ascites. AFTP is an excellent diagnostic test for detection of certain extra hepatic diseases leading to ascites like tubercular peritonitis sub-acute bacterial peritonitis and anaemia-hypo-proteinemia.
Background: Brachial artery flow mediated dilatation (BAFMD), assessed by high resolution ultrasonography, reflects endothelium dependent vasodilator function. BAFMD is diminished in patients with atherosclerosis and with coronary risk factors and improves with risk reduction therapy.Methods: Study was conducted on 50 patients of coronary artery disease from In-patients who were admitted in the Department of Medicine and 25 healthy control without cardiovascular disease risk factors. All patients having established CAD i.e. Acute coronary syndrome and past history of CABG/angioplasty were included in study. Those morbidly ill and patients with evidence of chronic inflammatory or malignant disease were excluded. Doppler ultrasound of brachial artery was performed in all of them to assess baseline lumen diameter and flow mediated dilatation (i.e. percent change in brachial artery diameter after occlusion cuff release). Patients were divided into two groups; first group was classified as those having BAFMD less than 7.5% and the second group consisted patients having BAFMD less than 10%.Results: Flow mediated dilatation in cases was 6.87±5.48% as compared to the control group in which it was 13.08±3.40% and was statistically significant (P value 0.000002). Brachial artery flow mediated dilatation was abnormal in 80% cases at a cut off value <10% significant abnormalities; i.e. BAFMD <7.5% was found in 66% patients.Conclusions: Endothelial function as assessed by FMD is significantly impaired in patient of coronary artery disease. Hence it may be used as an important screening tool in people having cardiovascular disease risk factors and may play as a crucial role in preventive cardiology.
Aim- To study the prevalence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in patients with Diabetes Mellitus and to compare the degree and severity of hearing loss in patients with diabetes controlled on medications with uncontrolled disease Methodology- Prospective observational study was conducted to assess prevalence of sensory-neural hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus attending ENT OPD at GRMC Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India from December 2020 to May 2022. Auditory function was measured with Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) Among 280 patients with Diabetes mellitus, Results- 184 patients had Sensory-neural hearing loss (65.70%). As the disease duration increased above 10 years, incidence of SNHL increased to 88.4% in both ears. Sensorineural hearing loss is Conclusionprevalent in 65.71% of type II diabetic patients. Sensorineural hearing loss in diabetes mellitus is usually gradually progressive involving high frequency thresholds. Hearing threshold increases with advanced age and increased duration of diabetes. Patients with poor control [HbA1c greater than 8.5%] of their glycemic status had raised auditory thresholds.
Introduction: Cervical erosion is a common physiological process seen in almost all women of reproductive age group. Cervical erosion/ ectopy is histologically dened as a condition in which the squamous covering of the ectocervix is replaced by single-layer columnar epithelium which is continuous with the lining of the endocervix. This retrospective study was carried out at gynaecology clinic in district Shi Material And Method: vpuri M.P. From December 2017 to April 2022. 69 patients were included in the study. A detailed history including name, age, residence, socioeconomic status, parity, and any inammatory condition in past was taken. Per-speculum & per-vaginal examination was done. After counselling and written consent, all patients with cervical erosion (cytologically negative for intraepithelial lesions) were treated in an outpatient Colposcopy clinic by cryotherapy. After treatment, all patients were asked to come for follow-up th th th after 4 , 8 and 12 weeks. In our study most common age group was 25-40 years (5 Results: 0.72%), most of them were of low socioeconomic status (52.17%) and were from rural areas (79.71%) most of them were para 2 (42.02%). The most common presenting complaint was excessive vaginal discharge (68.11%), followed by intermenstrual bleeding (15.94%) and vaginal itching (4.34%). The most common problem experienced after cryotherapy by patients was Hydrorrhoea (Watery discharge) 81.15% which lasts for 2-4 weeks. In our study, symptomatic cure was found in 85.50% patient. On clinical examination, healing of the cervix [clinical cure (ectopy completely disappeared in maximum patients after 8-12 weeks)]. was found in 89.85% of the patient after 12 weeks of cryotherapy. we concluded that cryotherapy is a safe and effectiv Conclusion: e and acceptable method to treat symptomatic ectopy of the uterine cervix. It is cost effective, as fast acting, easy to acquire therapy and can be practiced by health personnel, and can be used in lowor middle income countries.
Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a valuable biomarker of sepsis. Levels of CRP increase very rapidly in response to infection, and decrease just as rapidly with the resolution of the condition. The aim of the research was to study, C-reactive protein levels in patients of sepsis and to study the pattern of CRP levels in patients of Sepsis with hypertension, diabetes, smokers and alcoholics.Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted from December 2016 to September 2018 in 100 cases of sepsis. Patients presenting in emergency with sepsis were included as subjects. C- reactive protein was measured in every patient at the time of admission and after 72 hours. Facts related to history, clinical examination and biochemical parameters were recorded in a pretyped proforma. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: Males outnumbered females. Most of the patients40(40%) were in the age group of less than 30 years age group. CRP levels were markedly elevated in patients with diabetes mellitus (92.2±102.63) as compared to patients with hypertension (36.66±26.97) or both (24.20±12.87). CRP levels were higher in alcoholics (60.59±44.20) as compared to smokers (13.37±10.96). CRP levels decreased significantly after 72 hours compared to CRP levels at the time of admission (p <0.001) across all patients suggestive of acute infection.Conclusions: Serial CRP measurement, rather than a single determination at the time of admission, is cheap and valuable in the diagnosis of sepsis and in monitoring the response to therapy. CRP levels shows exaggerated response in diabetes mellitus and alcoholics with sepsis in this study.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.