Introduction: Various studies have demonstrated superiority of SAAG (serum ascites albumin gradient) in classifying ascites compared to transudate-exudate concept but with conflicting observations. Ascitic fluid total protein (AFTP) level in ascitic fluid is a much cheaper alternative to the serum ascites albumin gradient ratio. Hence in the study, we have compared the diagnostic accuracy of the old cheaper traditional method against the new method. Methods: Total 102 patients of Ascites were included in the study from J.A. group of hospital, G.R.Medical College (M.P.) in year 2013-15. All medical causes of ascites were included in our study and Non medical causes were excluded. The collected data was analyzed by using Pearson Chi-square statistical analysis to determine correlation between variables. Result: For prediction of liver disease it was found that SAAG was significantly (p value 0.0341) more predictive of Liver disease compared to AFTP. SAAG (p value<0.0009) and AFTP (p value 0.49) were both significant for differentiating cause of ascites when comparison was done between liver and non-liver disease. Conclusion: AFTP is a good surrogate marker for detection of liver disease in ascites. AFTP is an excellent diagnostic test for detection of certain extra hepatic diseases leading to ascites like tubercular peritonitis sub-acute bacterial peritonitis and anaemia-hypo-proteinemia.
Background: Fatty liver is associated with several atherosclerotic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia. It has also been related to insulin resistance. This association was found in NIDDM patients as well as in non-diabetic subjects. An increased intima-media thickness (IMT) has been shown to be a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke. The aim of the present study is to investigate associations between hepatic steatosis and the risk of atherosclerosis.Methods: The present study was carried out on 88 patients of fatty liver disease and 80 controls in the department of General Medicine. An approximate equal number of age and sex matched persons without fatty liver were selected randomly as controls. Both fatty liver disease patients (i.e NAFLD and AFLD) and control group were further divided into two categories, one with risk factor for atherosclerosis and other without risk factors. Risk factors for atherosclerosis were taken according to ATP III guidelines.Results: When comparison of mean CIMT was done in NAFLD, AFLD and controls in a particular age group, significant difference was found in mean CIMT (both sides) in age group 40-49 yrs (p value 0.03, 0.002 for right and left respectively). The difference was also significant in mean CIMT of right in age group 18-24 yrs (p value 0.015) and in >60 years (p value 0.03). Among, NAFLD patients, for left mean CIMT p value was 0.0001, for right mean CIMT p value was 0.0001. Among AFLD patients, for left mean CIMT p value was 0.006 and for right mean CIMT p value was 0.0022. Only statistically significant difference was found in mean CIMT (left) in grade II fatty liver (p value 0.04). NAFLD and controls without risk factors for atherosclerosis, mean CIMT (both side) in NAFLD was found to be significantly more than control (p value 0.04). AFLD patients and controls without risk factors for atherosclerosis, mean CIMT of both side in AFLD patients was found to be significantly more than controls (p value for left CIMT 0.02 and for right CIMT 0.00001).Conclusions: CIMT was found to increase with advancing age in all three group i.e. NAFLD, AFLD and control group. CIMT was more in patients of fatty liver disease (both NAFLD and AFLD) having risk factor for atherosclerosis as compared to those without risk factors. Both NAFLD and AFLD are associated with increased CIMT in comparison to control group. As such all NAFLD and AFLD patients should be investigated for carotid atherosclerosis, as its early detection and management may be helpful in limiting the inherent complications of atherosclerosis.
Introduction: Cervical erosion is a common physiological process seen in almost all women of reproductive age group. Cervical erosion/ ectopy is histologically dened as a condition in which the squamous covering of the ectocervix is replaced by single-layer columnar epithelium which is continuous with the lining of the endocervix. This retrospective study was carried out at gynaecology clinic in district Shi Material And Method: vpuri M.P. From December 2017 to April 2022. 69 patients were included in the study. A detailed history including name, age, residence, socioeconomic status, parity, and any inammatory condition in past was taken. Per-speculum & per-vaginal examination was done. After counselling and written consent, all patients with cervical erosion (cytologically negative for intraepithelial lesions) were treated in an outpatient Colposcopy clinic by cryotherapy. After treatment, all patients were asked to come for follow-up th th th after 4 , 8 and 12 weeks. In our study most common age group was 25-40 years (5 Results: 0.72%), most of them were of low socioeconomic status (52.17%) and were from rural areas (79.71%) most of them were para 2 (42.02%). The most common presenting complaint was excessive vaginal discharge (68.11%), followed by intermenstrual bleeding (15.94%) and vaginal itching (4.34%). The most common problem experienced after cryotherapy by patients was Hydrorrhoea (Watery discharge) 81.15% which lasts for 2-4 weeks. In our study, symptomatic cure was found in 85.50% patient. On clinical examination, healing of the cervix [clinical cure (ectopy completely disappeared in maximum patients after 8-12 weeks)]. was found in 89.85% of the patient after 12 weeks of cryotherapy. we concluded that cryotherapy is a safe and effectiv Conclusion: e and acceptable method to treat symptomatic ectopy of the uterine cervix. It is cost effective, as fast acting, easy to acquire therapy and can be practiced by health personnel, and can be used in lowor middle income countries.
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