Biogas is a raw material utilized to produced biogas. Biogas is renewable energy source produced by the anaerobic activity of organic matter through the fermentation process. Quality of biogas is determined by its main composition, such as methane (CH4). In addition, the composition of biogas also contains impurities such as unburnt carbon dioxide (CO2) so that it reduces the heating value, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and water vapor (H2O) which are corrosive as well as Nitrogen (N2). Adsorption method on the impurity compositions can be used to improve biogas quality. This research used a column purifier containing four adsorbents in the form of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, iron gram (Fe2(O3)), zeolite and activated carbon with three volume variations 600 cm3, 900 cm3 and 1200 cm3. The results of biogas testing using gas chromatography showed that the best quality obtained from the 1200 cm3 volume of adsorbent. Methane content was increased up to 17.985% and the impurity gases were decreased, such as carbon dioxide in as much as 18.15%, hydrogen sulfide and water vapor in as much as 0.182%. The heat produced by unpurified biogas was 1518.312 kJ/m3 and the highest heating value after purification was 2108.22 kJ/m3. The biogas combustion resulted in a dominant blue flame color.The most optimum effectiveness of the technology resulted in an increase of the methane content up to 64.275%. Based on this research, the utilization of column purifier with the adsorption method was able to improve the quality of biogas
The loss of oil fluid flow in the piping system in the petroleum industry due to friction is the cause of low efficiency. To reduce friction loss, the viscosity of petroleum can be lowered by adding water as a mixture. Actually, the flow loss in a piping system is influenced by several factors including flow pattern, fluid type, flow velocity, flow pressure and pipe diameter. This study aims to determine the effect of flow patterns on changes in velocity in the two-phase flow of oil and water in a piping system. This numerical analysis research was carried out using Fluent 6.2 software with variations in the velocity of the oil-water mixture: 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 m/s. The simulation results show that the greatest pressure loss occurs at a fluid velocity of 0.6 m/s where the flow is stratified mixed. While the smallest pressure loss at a mixture velocity of 0.2 m/s when the flow is stratified smooth. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the increase in fluid flow velocity has a positive correlation with the increase in the value of flow losses in the pipe.
Biduak merupakan perahu dari budaya Minangkabau yang umumnya banyak digunakan sebagai alat transportasi di danau. Biduak dibuat dari kayu gelondongan yang dibentuk hingga menjadi sebuah perahu yang mempunyai ciri khas. Penggunaan kayu sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan Biduak tidak bersahabat dengan lingkungan dapat menyebabkan bencana banjir, longsor pengurangan produksi oksigen dan pemanasan global. Penelitian ini mengkaji lapisan serat pada fiber yang ideal dalam menahan tekanan yang dialami dengan mempertimbangkan berat biduak itu sendiri. Untuk mengungkapkan tahanan yang dialami oleh lambung perahu ketika berlayar dilakukan dengan the Computer Fluid Dynamic (CFD). Pembuatan spesimen fiberglass dilakukan dengan metode hand-layout, dengan variasi lapisan serat. Serat penguat menggunakan jenis E-glass dengan tipe Chop Strand Mat 300 dan Woven Roving 600. Matrik menggunakan Unsaturated Polyester Resin BQTN 157-EX. Pengukuran kekuatan tarik dilakukan dengan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine. Hasil simulasi CFD mengungkapkan bahwa tekanan terbesar yang dialami biduak ketika berlayar adalah sebesar 10.4 MPa pada kecepatan 1 m/s. Hasil pengujian tarik pada setiap spesimen menunjukan bahwa semuanya memiliki kekuatan tarik yang lebih besar dari tekanan yang diterima oleh lambung biduak ketika berlayar. Berdasarkan pertimbangan berat, spesimen 1 yang paling ideal digunakan untuk pembuatan lambung biduak. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar dalam penelitian serat fiberglass yang digunakan untuk perahu tradisonal, seperti pencarian serat alam untuk perahu fiberglass yang mampu menahan tekanan ketika pelaru berlayar.
Roof is the most affected building envelope element by local climate changes such as solar radiation, rain, wind, etc. The design of a building's roof will have a significant impact on the building's thermal conditions and comfort. This study aims to numerically analyze and optimize the slope of a gable roof on an 8 m × 12 m residential building with 3 m walls located in a tropical climate region. The parameter analyzed in this parametric study on galvanized steel gable roofs is the slope angle impact in the interval between 15 0 to 45 0 , with an angle increment at 5 0 . The thermal aspect of the analyzed building is modeled numerically using the TRNSYS simulation tool coupled with CONTAM for aerodynamic modeling. The results showed that the greater the roof slope angle, the more comfortable the room condition was due to the amount of heat release that occurred in the attic zone before penetration into the occupation zone. Otherwise, the greater the angle of inclination, the greater the roof geometry that leads to construction material addition for the frame and roof covering. Therefore, it is necessary to perform numerical analysis to determine the optimal slope of a gable roof that provides maximum thermal comfort in a room with low roofing material requirements. Analysis and optimization of convective heat dissipation from the attic zone through natural ventilation or infiltration to reduce indoor thermal gain is an outlook for further research.
Utilization of solar power can use a thermoelectric generator. Thermoelectric Generators work by taking advantage of temperature differences and the application of the Seebeck effect. This experimental study uses two prototypes of a perfect house with a roof made of zinc plate. One of the roofs of the house is covered with glass. Thermoelectrics are installed at the bottom of the roof of each house as many as 12 pieces and arranged in a series circuit. Data collection was carried out one day from 08.00 -15.59. The largest electrical voltage obtained occurred at 11.00 – 13.59 reaching 0.215 – 0.183 Volts in houses with glass-covered roofs and 0.654 – 0.527 Volts. The use of a layer of glass makes the roof temperature stable because the heat absorbed can be retained by the glass. As a result, the voltage generated in a house with a glazed roof is more stable than a house with a non-glazed roof. This research also proves that the difference in temperature affects the voltage generated by the thermoelectric. Pemanfaatan tenaga surya dapat menggunakan termoelektrik generator. Termoelektrik Generator bekerja dengan memanfaatkan perbedaan temperatur dan penerapan efek Seebeck. Penelitian eksperimen ini menggunakan dua prototipe rumah sempurna dengan atap dari seng plat. Salah satu atap rumah dilapisi dengan kaca. Termoelektrik dipasang pada bagian bawah atap masing-masing rumah sebanyak 12 buah dan disusun dengan rangkaian seri. Pengambilan data dilakukan satu hari dari pukul 08.00 -15.59. Tegangan listrik terbesar yang didapatkan terjadi pada pukul 11.00 – 13.59 mencapai 0,215 – 0,183 Volt pada rumah dengan atap dilapisi kaca dan 0,654 – 0,527 Volt. Penggunaan lapisan kaca membuat temperatur atap menjadi stabil karena panas yang diserap dapat ditahan oleh kaca. Akibatnya membuat tegangan yang dihasilkan pada rumah dengan atap dilapisi kaca lebih stabil. Dari penelitian ini juga membuktikan perbedaan temperatur mempengaruhi tegangan listrik yang dihasilkan oleh termoelektrik.
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