Qualified and preserved water is declining due to metal, waste, and hazardous chemicals contamination. Demand on fresh water raises and leads to the efforts on processing waste water with effective and efficient technology. Microbubble generator technology developed lately to result dissolved oxygen for raising microorganisms to decompose waste in waste water. This research used porous-ventury microbubble generator with 30° inlet angle and 20° outlet angle, placed in the center of 280 cm x 60 cm x 40 cm aquarium for experiment. This research aimed to find out bubble distribution and microbubble generator (MBG) performance. Measurement on bubble distribution conducted using Phantom Control Camera. Obtained data analyzed using MATLAB R2016a, while MBG performance measured using pressure transducer. Analysis conducted on variations of gas debit (0,1 lpm; 0,4 lpm., and 1 lpm) and water debit (30- 80 lpm) effects toward performance parameters, such as hydraulic power (Lw) and bubble generating efficiency (ηB). Results show that the greatest microbubbles’ diameter is 150- 500 μm, hydraulic power (Lw) increases with the inclining water debit (QL), effect of gas debit variation exert low effect towards Lw, and declining number of bubble generating efficiency (ηB) parameter with the inclining number of the water debit (QL).
Biogas is a raw material utilized to produced biogas. Biogas is renewable energy source produced by the anaerobic activity of organic matter through the fermentation process. Quality of biogas is determined by its main composition, such as methane (CH4). In addition, the composition of biogas also contains impurities such as unburnt carbon dioxide (CO2) so that it reduces the heating value, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and water vapor (H2O) which are corrosive as well as Nitrogen (N2). Adsorption method on the impurity compositions can be used to improve biogas quality. This research used a column purifier containing four adsorbents in the form of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2, iron gram (Fe2(O3)), zeolite and activated carbon with three volume variations 600 cm3, 900 cm3 and 1200 cm3. The results of biogas testing using gas chromatography showed that the best quality obtained from the 1200 cm3 volume of adsorbent. Methane content was increased up to 17.985% and the impurity gases were decreased, such as carbon dioxide in as much as 18.15%, hydrogen sulfide and water vapor in as much as 0.182%. The heat produced by unpurified biogas was 1518.312 kJ/m3 and the highest heating value after purification was 2108.22 kJ/m3. The biogas combustion resulted in a dominant blue flame color.The most optimum effectiveness of the technology resulted in an increase of the methane content up to 64.275%. Based on this research, the utilization of column purifier with the adsorption method was able to improve the quality of biogas
The increasing demand for energy due to population growth and reduced sources of oil reserves puts pressure on every country to immediately produce and use renewable energy as a substitute, one of the alternative energy sources is biogas. The bacteria used in making this biogas is EM4, researchers used these bacteria because they can balance microorganisms. Microorganism inoculants consisting of 90% Lactobacillus produce cow dung are accommodated in a container made of HDPE plastic. The dimensions of the reservoir are 1 m3. Data collection was carried out starting from the first day to the fourteenth day. Retrieval of pressure data using a pressure gauge, temperature data retrieval using a thermometer gun and measuring the volume of biogas using an Arduino-based flow meter. From this study, it was found that biogas storage using HDPE polymer material with a size of 1x1 meters can accommodate a maximum biogas volume of 208.12 litres. In the non-continuous system, the volume of biogas produced is not stable with the total volume of biogas before going through the filter for 14 days is 1075.12 litres with an average volume of 76.79 litres/day while the total volume of biogas that has been through the filter for 14 days is 995.71 litres with an average volume of 71.12 litres/day.
Jumlah masyarakat Indonesia setiap tahun mengalami peningkatan, peningkatan jumlah masyarakat akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya kebutuhan konsumsi energi seperti bahan bakar untuk memasak sehingga dibutuhkan energi alternatif yang berkelanjutan yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi energi. Energi alternatif yang dapat digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai bahan bakar pengganti bahan bakar konvensional untuk memasak adalah biogas. Biogas merupakan energi alternatif berfasa gas yang dihasilkan dari kotoran hewan sehingga dapat diperbarui (renewable) secara berkelanjutan, biogas termasuk energi yang ramah lingkungan dan tidak beracun. Produksi biogas memiliki sisa slurry yang dapat mencemari lingkungan, diperlukan mengkarakterisasi sisa slurry pada produksi biogas berbahan kotoran sapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan perbandingan campuran air dan kotoran sapi sebesar 1: dengan menggunakan jenis reaktor tangki 1000 liter, pada saat produksi biogas dilakukan pengukuran tekanan biogas, volume slurry, pengukuran temperatur, dan pengukuran pH. Data yang didapatkan akan dilakukan analisis karakteristik sisa slurry pada biogas. Pada hasil penelitian ini didapatkan volume slurry selama produksi yaitu 900-980 liter dengan nilai pH rata-rata 6-7, hasil unsur hara sisa slurry cair pada penelitian ini belum dapat langsung digunakan sebagai pupuk cair organik perlu ditambahkan substrat lainnya agar dapat menaikkan unsur hara N, P, dan K yang terkandung pada sisa slurry cair tetapi untuk sisa slurry padat dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk kompos karena telah memenuhi standar kualitas pupuk kompos. The number of Indonesian people is increasing every year, and an increase in the number of people will increase the need for energy consumption such as fuel for cooking so sustainable alternative energy is needed that can meet energy consumption needs. The alternative energy that can be used by the community as a substitute for conventional fuel for cooking is biogas. Biogas is alternative energy in the gas phase produced from animal waste so that it can be renewed sustainably, biogas is environmentally friendly and non-toxic energy. Biogas production has residual slurry that can pollute the environment, it is necessary to characterize the remaining slurry in biogas production made from cow dung. This study uses a mixture of water and cow dung ratio of 1: using a 1000 liter tank reactor type, at the time of biogas production, biogas pressure, slurry volume, temperature measurement, and pH measurements are measured. The data obtained will be analyzed for the characteristics of the residual slurry in biogas. In the results of this study, the volume of slurry during production was 900-980 liters with an average pH value of 6-7, the results of the remaining nutrients from the liquid slurry in this study could not be directly used as organic liquid fertilizer, it was necessary to add other substrates to increase the nutrients. N, P, and K are contained in the remaining liquid slurry but the remaining solid slurry can be used as compost because it meets the quality standards of compost fertilizer.
Menipisnya cadangan sumber minyak bumi di Indonesia dapat menjadi penghambat pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan. Potensi energi alternatif salah satunya adalah limbah biomassa tongkol jagung yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas produksi pertanian yang jumlahnya sangat besar. Tongkol jagung memiliki nilai kalor sebesar 4059.853 kal/gr sehingga semakin banyaknya tongkol jagung yang digunakan akan mempercepat proses pembakaran. Akan tetapi proses pembakaran yang dilakukan harus dibantu oleh serbuk kayu kering sebagai pemantik bagi api. Kayu kering yang memiliki nilai kalor lebih besar dari tongkol jagung akan terbakar lebih cepat dan membantu membakar tongkol jagung. Hasil dari nyala lampu terdapat pada massa tongkol jagung 400gr dengan variasi volume air 250ml menyala redup selama 1 menit. Pada massa 500gr lampu menyala redup selama 1 menit pada variasi volume air 150ml dan 200ml. Sedangkan lampu menyala terang selama 20 detik pada variasi 250ml air. Hal ini juga membuktikan bahwa banyaknya volume air yang digunakan dapat mempengaruhi nyala lampu.
Biogas adalah sumber energi alternatif yang sangat terjangkau. Untuk meningkatkan hasil produksi biogas, beberapa penelitian menerapkan proses pengadukan, salah satunya adalah proses pengadukan secara mekanis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang, membangun dan menguji efektivitas dari agitator blade helical ribbon terhadap homogenitas bahan baku biogas. Parameter desain yang diperhatikan antara lain torsi, gaya, dan daya untuk menggerakkan agitator. Parameter unjuk kerja agitator adalah kestabilan kecepatan putaran dan total dissolved solid (TDS) dari campuran kotoran sapi dan air (slurry). Agitator yang telah dirancang memiliki torsi 8,203 N.m, gaya pengadukan 372,849 N, dan daya yang diperlukan untuk menggerakkan agitator adalah sebesar 143,491 watt atau 0,192 HP. Nilai rasio TDS rerata pada kecepatan putaran 10 rpm adalah 1,35 dengan simpangan baku 0,20; pada kecepatan putaran 30 rpm nilai rasio TDS rerata adalah 1,37 dengan simpangan baku 0,07; dan pada kecepatan putaran 50 rpm nilai rasio TDS rerata adalah 1,80 dengan simpangan baku 0,04. Semakin tinggi kecepatan putaran agitator maka rasio TDS slurry juga akan semakin tinggi. Semakin tinggi nilai rasio TDS, maka semakin efektif proses pengadukan. Semakin kecil simpangan baku nilai rasio TDS, maka semakin homogen slurry di dalam biodigester.
Consumers of mobile devices expect manufacturers to produce devices that will be an efficient source of electrical energy. The battery currently used in the smartphone allows the device to operate for several hours. PowerBank extends the operating time of the device without the need to charge it through a charger that is connected to the mains and the most important feature that determines the quality of a power bank is its capacity. This paper first analyzes the effect of the number of solar cells on the application of a 10000 mAh PowerBank. It has been shown in this study that the capacity of the 10000 mAh PowerBank can charge a series of 2, 4, and 8 solar cells. What has also been investigated is Then testing it for several types of mobile devices. The results show that using a 2, 4, and 8 solar cell circuit type can only charge handheld cell phones with a battery capacity of 2000 mAh.
Alternative energy has begun to develop over time, such as thermal stoves that use solar energy as a heat source for cooking. The solar cooker must be of high quality, affordable, user friendly, lightweight and, stackable. A thermal solar cooker can cook a meal because the plates are heated by the sun's energy. Sunlight enters the pan or thermal solar panel and reflected toward the can or heated object. Then, Sunlight turns into heat energy.Thermal stove performance analysis was carried out starting from 09:00 WIB to 16:00 WIB. The most efficient time to use a thermal stove is 13:00 WIB, it is recorded that 350 ml of water from a temperature of 27℃ reaches a temperature of 83℃ with a heating duration of 55 minutes. One of the conclusion of this study is the time of heating influenced by weather temperature. Last, to shorten the time, then we must use the shape of sun catcher like a parabola.
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