Textile materials have become one of the functional needs of human beings and their multifunctional properties are highly demanded. Linen has been gaining rising interest and the multifunctional modification of this fiber can produce value-added textile products. In the present study, linen fabric was modified using natural dyeing with a combination of henna and copper sulphate. The resulting colored substrate was characterized using FTIR, TGA and SEM techniques. The color values of the dyed samples, for the various combinations of mordant and dye concentrations, were evaluated, along with the functional properties, such as antioxidant activity, antibacterial action and UV protection. The modified linen showed wash-fast coloration and displayed efficient protection against bacteria, UV light and free radicals. The multifunctional properties were retained after 20 washes. The henna-dyed linen can be claimed as a green multifunctional textile material that can be used for enhanced protection.
Behaviour of reinforced soil structures depends on the material properties of soil and geosynthetics. Apart from individual properties of soil and reinforcement, the interaction between reinforcement and soil also plays important role in deciding the behaviour of reinforced soil structures. The modelling of the interface characteristics is a very important aspect in developing a correct numerical model for predicting the performance of reinforced soil structures. For simulating the interface behaviour a linearly elastic model with Mohr-Coulomb criterion is commonly used. Experimental observations made from direct shear tests usually show that the force-displacement relationship is non-linear till a peak is attained, beyond which softening behaviour is observed. In this paper a constitutive model appropriate for geosynthetic interfaces has been implemented in FLAC 3D and used to simulate the shear stress displacement behaviour of different sand-geotextile interfaces. In the present study, shear stress-displacement behaviour of interfaces of different types of sands and geotextiles (monofilament woven, multifilament woven and nonwoven) have been considered for simulation. The simulated curves using the FLAC 3D showed very good agreement with the experimental data over the complete stress-displacement ranges.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.