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Mineral deficiency symptoms were observed in leaves of yellow passionfruit plantlets grown in MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) with 1.0 mg l 21 (3.0 mM) gibberellic acid. Initially, leaves showed interveinal chlorosis, followed by bleaching of the leaves and retarded growth. Leaf mineral analysis was done and compared to mineral requirements suggested for passionfruit in the literature. Several modifications were made to the inorganic composition of MS medium, according to mineral deficiencies, mainly of Fe and Ca, and possible toxicity of Cl. The concentration of the elements in the new medium (MSM) was based on the mineral composition of leaves of healthy plants. The chemical equilibrium was checked using the software Geochem (Sposito and Mattigod, 1980) and final adjustments were made to ensure good availability of nutrients. To test the efficiency of the modified medium nodal segments were cultured in both MS and MSM supplemented with 3.0 mg l 21 (13.3 mM) 6-benzyladenine. After three subcultures mineral analysis of the leaves was done. Severe mineral deficiency was observed on the leaves of plantlets cultured in MS, while plantlets cultivated in MSM had green leaves. A comparison of the mineral analysis of plantlets in both media showed a fairly large increase in Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg and S and decrease in levels of B and Cl in plantlets cultivated in MSM. A slight increase or decrease in other elements was also observed. Subculture of the chlorotic plantlets into MSM showed that the visual symptoms of mineral deficiency disappeared in 2±4 wk.

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Previous works suggested that Pleurostima purpurea (Velloziaceae-Barbacenioideae) shows a remarkable capacity to endure desiccation of its vegetative tissues. P. purpurea occurs in monocotyledons mats on soil islands in the Pão de Açucar (Sugar Loaf) one of the most recognizable rock outcrops of the world, in Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Mats of P. purpurea occur in cliffs by the sea some meters above the tidal zone. Although living in rock outcrops almost devoid of any soil cover, P. purpurea seems to occur preferably on less exposed rock faces and slightly shady sites. Usually, less extreme adaptations to drought would be expected in plants with the habitat preference of P. purpurea. Relying on this observation, we argue if a combination of different strategies of dealing with low water availability can be found in P. purpurea as on other desiccation tolerant angiosperms. This study aims to examine the occurrence of desiccation tolerant behavior in P. purpurea together with the expression of drought avoidance mechanisms during dehydration progression. For this, it was analyzed the gas exchanges, leaf pigments and relative leaf water content during desiccation and rehydration of cultivated mature individuals. P. purpurea behaved like typical drought avoiders under moderated drought condition with stomatal closure occurring around a relative leaf water content up to 90%. During this process, it was observed a delay in the leaf relative water content (RWC leaf ) decrease comparing to the plant-soil relative water content (RWC plant-soil ). As soil dehydration worsened, gas exchanges restrictions progressed until a lack of activity which characterizes anabiosis. The loss of chlorophyll occurs before the end of total dehydration, characterizing the presence of poikilochlorophylly. The chlorophyll degradation follows the RWC leaf decrease, which achieved the minimum average value of 17% without incurring in leaf abscission. The chlorophyll re-synthesis seems to start well after the full rehydration of the leaf. During all of this process, carotenoid content remained stable. These results are coherent with a combination of drought avoidance and desiccation tolerance in P. purpurea which seems to be coherent with the amplitude of water availability in the rock outcrop habitat where it occurs, suggesting that the periods of water availability are sufficiently long for the success of the costly desiccation tolerant behavior but too short to make a typical drought avoider species win the competition for exploring the rock outcrop substrate where P. purpurea occurs.

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e José Luiz Stape 5 RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a fotossíntese, condutância estomática e produtividade de clones de Eucalyptus em duas áreas distintas: uma no Município de Eunápolis, Sul da Bahia, com precipitação bem distribuída ao longo do ano (área úmida); e outra em Salto da Divisa, Leste de Minas Gerais, com precipitação concentrada nos meses quentes do ano (área seca). Foram estudados quatro clones, avaliando-se o crescimento, através do inventário das árvores; e as variáveis fotossintéticas, medidas com o aparelho Infrared Gas Analyser (IRGA). Dentro de cada área só houve diferença significativa entre clones na área úmida quanto à variável volume de madeira. A produtividade dos clones na área úmida foi 3,3 vezes superior à produtividade da área seca. Na área úmida, todos os clones diminuíram a condutância estomática com o aumento do déficit de pressão de vapor, com queda de 0,16 mol m² s -1 para cada 1 kPa de aumento no DPV e taxa fotossintética máxima variando de 12,5 a 16,4 µmol m² s -1. A comparação entre os clones da área úmida resultou em diferença significativa do clone A, que apresentou fotossíntese máxima superior à dos demais. Na área seca não houve relação entre condutância estomática e DPV e não se observou diferença na fotossíntese entre os clones, que variou de 1,2 a 3,4 µmol m 2 s -1 . Verificou-se relação linear entre a fotossíntese máxima e a produtividade dos clones, evidenciando que a taxa fotossintética foi um dos fatores responsáveis pela maior produtividade do Eucalyptus na área úmida.Palavras-chave: Eucalipto; Produtividade; Estresse hídrico. PHOTOSYNTHESIS, STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF Eucalyptus CLONES UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT.It is possible to determine the optimum time for permanence of vegetative propagules (mini-cuttings) inside a greenhouse for rooting, and this value can be used to optimize the structure of the nursery. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of adventitious rooting in mini-cuttings of three clones of Eucalyptus benthamii x Eucalyptus dunnii. Sprouts of H12, H19 and H20 clones were collected from mini-stumps that were planted in gutters containing sand and grown in a semi-hydroponic system. The basal region of the mini-cuttings was immersed in 2,000 mg L -1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) solution for 10 seconds. The rooting percentage of the mini-cuttings, the total length of the root system and the rooting rate per mini-cutting were also evaluated at 0 (time of planting), 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days. We used logistic and exponential regression to mathematically model the speed of rhizogenesis. The rooting percentage was best represented as a logistic model, and the total length of the root system was best represented as an exponential model. The clones had different speeds of adventitious rooting. The optimum time for permanence of the mini-cuttings inside the greenhouse for rooting was between 35 and 42 days, and varied depending on the genetic material.Keywords: vegetative propagation, clonal forestry, organogenesis, mathematical modeling, rhizogenesis, clonal mini-garden. Dinamica de enraizamento adventício em miniestacas de Eucalyptus benthamii x Eucalyptus dunniiRESUMO. O tempo ideal de permanência de propágulos vegetativos (miniestacas) no interior da casa de vegetação para a rizogênese é possível de ser determinado matematicamente, o que pode otimizar as instalações do viveiro. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a dinâmica de enraizamento de miniestacas de três clones de Eucalyptus benthamii x Eucalyptus dunnii. Brotações dos clones H19, H12 e H20 foram coletadas de minicepas plantadas em canaletão com areia e cultivadas sob sistema semi-hidropônico. A região basal da miniestaca foi imersa em solução de 2.000 mg L -1 de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) por 10 segundos. A porcentagem de enraizamento de miniestacas, o comprimento total de raízes e a taxa de enraizamento por miniestaca foram avaliados a cada sete dias (0 -instante da estaquia, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 e 56 dias). Foram utilizadas as regressões logística e exponencial para a modelagem matemática da velocidade dos processos rizogênicos. O modelo logístico teve o melhor ajuste para o percentual de enraizamento, e o modelo exponencial para o comprimento total do sistema radicular. Os clones apresentaram diferentes velocidades de enraizamento. O tempo ideal de permanência das miniestacas dentro da casa de vegetação para o enraizamento está entre 35 a 42 dias, podendo variar em função do material genético.Palavras-chave: propagação vegetativa, silvicultural clonal, organogênese, modelagem matemática, rizogênese, minijardim clonal.

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