-The precocity of cowpea is important because it indicates the possibility of increasing and/or stabilizing production in regions with long periods of drought. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic variability and select extra-early cowpea progenies. Fifteen F 3:6 progenies were evaluated in 2014 while sixty-two F 7 progenies were evaluated in 2015. Two commercial cultivars were used in experiments performed in the irrigated perimeter of Baixo Acaraú, in Marco, CE. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of days for flowering (NDF), number of days for maturity (NDM), plant height (PH), pod length (PL), number of seeds per pod (NSP), number of grains per plant (NGP), weight of 100 grains (W 100 G) and total weight (M TOT ). Data were analyzed in lattice and RBD, according to the methodology of mixed models by the REML/BLUP procedure. Also, the components of variance and genetic values were estimated. Variability among progenies, high heritability and high accuracy were identified for all traits. For NDF and NDM, the progenies presented higher behavior than the controls. The lattice arrangement contributed to a greater gain with the selection of NDF, NDM, PH, NSP, NGP and W TOT

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The evaluation of segregating populations in plant breeding programs is an onerous and time-consuming process. Early identification of populations with genetic potential can be done by m + a methodology. However, the possibility of a modification in the traditional methodology in order to make it more efficient, that is, faster and cheaper, was envisaged. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare the genetic gains obtained by both methodologies, the traditional one and the proposed modification. For this, ten segregating bean-cowpea populations were evaluated at two distinct levels of homozygous F 3:4 and F 3:5. Genetic values were predicted by two different statistical genetic models. This was possible due to the methodology proposed here to present a much shorter execution time than the traditional methodology. Thus, with a shorter evaluation time, the breeding program manager can plan the evaluation of a larger number of populations in a short time.

A utilização de espécies oleaginosas constitui uma alternativa à busca crescente por biocombustíveis, fazendo com que o pinhão manso venha ganhando destaque pela qualidade do seu óleo e rusticidade. Surge assim uma demanda pelo desenvolvimento de cultivares desta espécie e para isso o conhecimento de sua variabilidade genética é fundamental. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar a diversidade genética de 23 acessos de pinhão manso coletados em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Os DNAs dos acessos foram extraídos e analisados por meio de 12 iniciadores ISSR. A partir dos perfis eletroforéticos das bandas foi gerada a matriz de dissimilaridade genética, utilizada na elaboração do dendrograma e no agrupamento dos indivíduos, que também foi realizado segundo o método de Tocher.  O Índice de Coincidência foi calculado para verificar a existência de relação entre o agrupamento dos acessos e seu local de coleta. Um total de 44 bandas foram amplificadas, sendo 26 polimórficas (49,08%). As distâncias genéticas entre os genótipos variaram de 0,034 a 0,314. Os métodos de agrupamento permitiram a formação de grupos distintos, com um total de três grupos formados pelo Método de Tocher e sete pelo método UPGMA. Os acessos estudados apresentaram base genética estreita, o que poderá trazer dificuldades ao processo de melhoramento da cultura e levar a uma maior vulnerabilidade genética das novas cultivares lançadas.Palavras-chave: Jatropha curcas; marcadores moleculares; diversidade genética. GENETIC DIVERSITY IN THE PHYSIC NUT BASED ON ISSR MARKERS ABSTRACT: The use of oleaginous species is an alternative in the growing search for biofuels, where the physic nut (Jatropha curcas) stands out due to its robustness and the quality of its oil. The result is a demand to develop cultivars of this species, and for this, a knowledge of its genetic variability is fundamental. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of 23 accessions of jatropha collected in different regions of Brazil. The DNA of the accessions was extracted and analysed by means of 12 ISSR primers. A genetic dissimilarity matrix was generated from the electrophoretic profiles of the bands and used in elaborating the dendrogram and in grouping the individuals, which was also carried out as per the Tocher method. A Coincidence Index was calculated to check the existence of a relationship between the groups of accessions and their places of collection. A total of 44 bands were amplified, of which 26 were polymorphic (49.08%). The genetic distance between the genotypes ranged from 0.034 to 0.314. The clustering methods resulted in the formation of distinct groups, where three groups were formed by the Tocher Method and seven by the UPGMA. The accessions under study had a narrow genetic base, which could cause difficulties for the process of crop breeding, and lead to greater genetic vulnerability in the new cultivars.Keywords: Jatropha curcas; molecular markers; genetic diversity.

RESUMO A agricultura, especialmente o setor de fruticultura, possui considerável importância na economia cearense e do Nordeste como um todo, apontando para a necessidade do conhecimento de características relacionadas à comercialização de frutas assim como estudos sobre o comportamento dos preços destes produtos. O conhecimento do padrão de sazonalidade e tendência dos preços dos produtos originários deste setor possui significativa importância no contexto de planejamento agrícola. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o comportamento dos preços das principais frutas e hortaliças-fruto comercializados na CEASA-CE. Para isso, filtrou-se as culturas ofertadas na CEASA-CE, Sede Maracanaú, originárias no Estado do Ceará, obtendo-se, desta forma, os principais produtos produzidos no Estado que são comercializados na Sede citada. Obteve-se o histórico de preços para o período de 2002 a 2014 de cada cultura analisada, procedendo-se a deflação destes valores com base no IGP-DI calculado pela FGV, base de dezembro de 2014. Utilizou-se o método da média móvel centralizada para identificar os índices sazonais das culturas. Procedeu-se, em seguida, a análise de tendência mensal dos históricos de preços analisados. Todas as culturas demonstraram padrão sazonal de variação de preços e as culturas de tomate, melancia, pimentão, melão japonês e limão apresentaram tendência de queda dos preços. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Planejamento Agrícola. Sazonalidade. Tendência de Preços.

RESUMOO cultivo da banana é uma atividade de grande importância a nível mundial. A banana é a fruta mais produzida no mundo, representando 19% do total dessa produção e possuindo a maior área plantada, com mais de 10 milhões de hectares. O Cloreto de potássio foi o insumo escolhido para a relação de troca, pois apresenta importante significância na produção da cultura da banana, e seu uso é de fundamental importância na qualidade do produto. EXCHANGE RATIO AND BANANA PRODUCTION IN FARMING SYSTEMS INCEARÁ STATE ABSTRACT The banana cultivation is an activity of great importance worldwide. The banana is the most produced fruit in the world, representing 19% of total production and has the largest planted area, with more than 10 million hectares. Potassium chloride was chosen the input to the exchange ratio, as it has important significance in banana crop production, and its use is fundamental important product quality. In the period 2009-2013 there was a reduction in the amount of banana hundreds required to take a ton of potassium chloride. The exchange ratio between the price of Pacova banana and potash registered an improvement to the producer between 2009 and 2013. KEYWORDS: Pacova. Solo. Semiarid. INTRODUÇÃOO cultivo da banana é uma atividade de grande importância a nível mundial. De acordo com a FAO (2015), a banana é a fruta mais produzida no mundo, representando 19% do total dessa produção e possuindo a maior área plantada, com mais de 10 milhões de hectares. Com relação ao Brasil, a banana ocupa o segundo lugar em volume de frutas consumidas e produzidas, e a terceira posição em relação à área colhida.

The protein content of the cowpea has proved to be very variable, especially of the green grain. The aim of this study, therefore, was to obtain information on the influence of the environment and genetic variability on the total protein content (TPC) of green cowpea grain, as well as to evaluate the effects of production components on this variable. Sixteen cowpea genotypes were evaluated in two environments (Pentecoste and Acaraú) in the state of Ceará, in a simple factorial scheme (16 x 2) for eight production components and protein content. The grain was collected while still green (after filling was complete -stage R5) and protein quantification was carried out using the Bradford method. Path analysis was performed in order to identify possible relationships between the agronomic variables and the protein content. There was a different response from the genotypes for each environment and in the interaction between genotype and environment. In Pentecoste, the MNC00-303-09E strain was highlighted, with a TPC of 6.602%, while in Acaraú, the Paulistinha cultivar stood out with a TPC content of 15.154%. For the genotypes under evaluation, selection for total protein content should be made in Acaraú via direct selection of the green-pod-grain weight, 100-grain weight and green-pod weight, and in Pentecoste, via indirect selection of the green-pod weight and green-grain yield.

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