The results of the present investigation emphasize the special attention required for children who suffered dental trauma at an early age, especially in cases of intrusive luxation and avulsion.

The purpose of this study was to analyze luxation injuries in children between the ages of 0 and 5 years treated at an emergency service department. A total of 1,703 records, corresponding to a period of 10 years at the Emergency Center of the Baby Clinic at Londrina State University, Brazil, were analyzed. The age, gender, etiologic factors, type of injury, injured teeth, treatment and time interval between injury and treatment were determined for each patient. Of the examined records, 409 patients met the study criteria and included a total of 679 injured teeth. Statistical analyses were carried out using the chi-square test with the level of significance set at 5%. Trauma incidence was higher in boys (57.0%) and in children less than two years of age (40.3%). Falling while walking or running was the most predominant etiologic factor (37.7%), and the most prevalent type of injury was subluxation (32.6%). Luxation injuries decreased with increasing age (p = 0.045). Treatment usually occurred within the first 1-15 days and was significantly associated with the type of trauma (p = 0.041). "Monitor only" was the treatment most frequently observed (74.0%). In conclusion, more luxation injuries were found in younger children, predominantly in boys. Falls resulting from walking or running were the etiologic factor most observed, with subluxation as the most common type of trauma. Treatment usually occurred within the first 15 days after the injury. Despite the severity of these injuries, "monitor only" was the eligible treatment.

Objective: To perform cross-cultural adaptation of the Dental Environment Stress (DES), to test its construct validity and reliability, and to identify the sources of stress among Brazilian dental students. Material and Methods: The DES was transculturally adapted to Portuguese using translation/back-translation, review by an expert bilingual committee and consensus building. The first version was tested in a sample of 42 dental students to check the understanding level of the alternatives. The final version was applied to all the students enrolled in a Brazilian Public Dental School. Construct validity was assessed through factor analysis, performed by principal components analysis and Varimax rotation and reliability by internal Cronbach's alpha coefficient (95% CI). Wilcoxon rank sum was conducted to test for gender and Kruskall-Wallis for year comparison. Multivariate analysis relied on ordinal logistic regression modeling. Results: Factor analysis revealed five factors that possessed eigenvalues greater than 1.5 and together explained 46.88% of the total variance. Internal consistency of each factor was adequate, with Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.65 to 0.84. 'Examinations and grades' (82.80%) was the highest scored item. Females presented higher rates, as well as second's and fifth's years students. The entering students were generally concerned with factors related to "Academic Performance", whereas clinical year students with "Insecurity Concerning their Professional Future". Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the DES presented good results, thus it could be a valid instrument to assess the factors of perceived stress in Lusophone countries, subsidizing the development of strategies to minimize the stress and optimize school performance.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of pulpotomies in primary molars using a new stain-free tricalcium silicate cement (Bio-C Pulpo) versus a conventional white MTA (MTA Angelus) as a pulpotomy medicament for primary teeth. Seventy primary teeth in 33 patients were randomly divided into two groups, MTA Angelus (n = 34) and Bio-C Pulpo (n = 36). Clinical and radiographic follow-up examinations were conducted at seven days (except radiographic follow-up), and at one, three, six and 12 months. At 12 months, the clinical success rate of the MTA Angelus group was 100 percent (28 out of 28), and the radiographic success rate was 100 percent (28 out of 28). In comparison, the clinical success rate for the Bio-C Pulpo group was 100 percent (29 out of 29), and the radiographic success rate was 100 percent (29 out of 29). No significant differences were found between the groups at any follow-up evaluation. According to Fisher´s exact test, a significant difference was observed between the pulpotomy agent and tooth discoloration (p < 0.001). The success rates were 100% for the Bio-C Pulpo group, with no case of discoloration, and 10.31% for the MTA Angelus group. Both MTA Angelus and Bio-C Pulp pulpotomy medicaments are appropriate options for pulpotomies in primary teeth, and enable high clinical and radiographic success rates. However, more long-term studies are required to test the new Bio-C Pulpo medicament.

This study aimed at evaluating the Protocol for the Prevention of Malocclusions (PPM), established in the preventive educational program developed by the Public Infant Oral Health Program of the State University of Londrina (PIOHP-UEL). Guardians of three-year-olds or older, maintaining nutritive (bottle) and/or non-nutritive (pacifier and finger) sucking habits, attended meetings designed to alert and guide them to eliminating these habits from their children. PPM patient records (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) were assessed and the data were described and evaluated by the Chi-square test, with a 5% significance level. Results: 506 of the 802 guardians/children referred to the PPM joined. As for the children, the most frequently assessed habits were: bottle (56.1%), bottle and pacifier (18.4%), finger (11.9%), bottle and finger (7.1%), pacifier (5.7%), pacifier and finger (0.6%), and bottle/pacifier/finger (0.2%). After parent participation in the meetings, 335 (66.2%) children abandoned their habits. There was a statistical difference between type of oral habit and time to abandonment (p = 0.0001). However, those with only one habit abandoned it more easily (72.6%) than those with two or more associated habits (48.1%) (p = 0.042). Presence or absence of breastfeeding and parents' level of education had no significant effect on habit abandonment. Conclusion: PPM was an important tool for spreading knowledge to guardians, greatly contributing to the abandonment of deleterious oral habits. Bottle sucking warrants special attention -mentioned by 81.8% of parents -either alone or associated with other habits. Thus, educational actions to implement the children's approach to oral health are fundamental to making behavioral changes and promoting education of healthy habits, thereby keeping malocclusions from developing.

No abstract

Reimplantation of primary teeth has been the subject of various clinical and histological studies, but very little is known about the effect of this treatment on primary teeth. The aim of the present study was to histologically evaluate the biological response of dog primary teeth after immediate reimplantation. Twelve dogs were divided into two groups according to postoperative time: 1 week and 3 weeks. Twenty-one upper and lower intermediate incisors were extracted and submitted to endodontic treatment, reimplantation and splinting. The 21 homologous teeth not submitted to treatment served as controls. The animals were killed after the respective experimental periods, and the obtained specimens were processed for histological analysis. Most dogs of the 1-week group exhibited the following alterations: gingival epithelium was inserted in the cemento-enamel junction, with a small number of chronic inflammatory cells being observed in the gingival corium; the periodontal ligament was partially reestablished, with a more expressive chronic inflammatory infiltrate being observed in the apical third; small root resorption was observed on the palatine/lingual side in the apical third. In contrast, in 3-week animals, gingival epithelial insertion was predominantly absent on the buccal side, and a moderate chronic inflammatory infiltrate was present; the periodontal ligament generally showed no bone-cementum reinsertion especially on the palatine/lingual side, with an expressive inflammatory infiltrate in the apical region, and large root resorption was mainly observed on the palatine and lingual sides. In conclusion, reimplantation causes histological alterations in the tooth and its supporting periodontal structures that suggest the impossibility of its maintenance.

Este artículo tiene por objetivo presentar una breve historia de la atención odontológica para los primeros años de vida y discutir los principios actuales preconizados por la Bebé-Clínica de la Universidad Estadual de Londrina (UEL). Aunque en la literatura se encuentran relatos de atención odontológica a los niños de poca edad desde el inicio del siglo XX, solamente en la década de 1980 esos conocimientos fueron sistematizados y adoptados en sistemas odontológicos públicos y privados brasileños. La experiencia de la Bebé-Clínica de la UEL permitió la formación de recursos humanos y la formulación de estrategias de atención odontológica al bebé, tanto a nivel local como internacional. A partir de los conceptos discutidos en ese artículo, se puede concluir que la atención odontológica debe iniciar alrededor de los 4 a 6 meses de edad. Tiene como objetivo mantener la salud del niño y dedica gran énfasis en la atención al riesgo de caries dental. Su actuación está fundamentada en la educación a través de la prevención en consonancia con el principio de coparticipación entre el país y sus profesionales.