The North Atlantic Oscillation is one of the most influential climatic modes in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the mechanism(s) standing behind its wide spectra of variations is still unknown despite its numerous investigations. This paper presents evidence for a synchronization between secular variations of geomagnetic field intensity and NAO long-term variability. Analysis of the connectivity between geomagnetic secular variations and the sea-level pressure – point by point, in a grid with resolution 10 [deg] in latitude and longitude – reveals that the strength of their relation is unevenly distributed over the Northern Hemisphere. Based on the machine learning analysis over the period 1900–2019, we found that there are two centres of significant geomagnetic-pressure relations – the weaker of them is placed slightly north of Iceland, and the stronger one is in a close proximity to Azores islands. The suggested mechanism for geomagnetic influence on the near surface climatic conditions includes the geomagnetic modulation of energetic particles precipitating in Earth's atmosphere, and their impact on the lower stratospheric ozone. The analysis of ozone-pressure relation shows, in addition, reasonable similarities with the spatial patterns of geomagnetic-pressure relations.
Research on ancient gold mining is mainly focused on the archaeometallurgical investigations aiming at identification of the ore province (i.e., the source of the raw metal) and geochemical characterization of the gold artifacts (e.g., Baron et al., 2019; Chapman et al., 2006). However, full understanding of the sequence ore deposit-mining-processing-gold artifacts production is not possible without detailed knowledge about the ancient mining techniques, process organization, and time evolution of the technology utilized. Application of a wide range of interdisciplinary methods (geochemistry, geomorphology, microscopy, GIS, etc.) could provide clues for discovering relics of ancient mining and ore-processing activities, as well as for reconstructing the methods utilized by the ancient miners and the effects they posed on the environment. One analytical evidence-based approach for obtaining such information is provided by the rock-magnetic methods (Evans & Heller, 2003). Late Bronze Age open-pit gold mine at Ada Tepe in the Easthern Rhodopes (South-Eastern Bulgaria) (Figure 1) was intensively studied during the last decade (
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