In this work we searched for genetic similarities in twelve wild rye species and subspecies and a control (S. cereale ssp. cereale, cv. Walet), using RAPD and AFLP markers. AFLP is useful for distinguishing homo-and heterozygotes but is not recommended for evaluation of codominant markers. We assessed the usefulness of the applied methods for examining genetic similarity in rye. RAPD yielded four groups of genetic similarity, with similarity values between 0.32 and 0.81. AFLP markers distinguished two groups of genetic similarity, ranging from 0.49 to 0.79. K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: : Secale L., molecular markers, AFLP, RAPD, genetic similarity.
Use of AFLP molecular markers for estimating genetic similarity of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. Sl.)The aim of study was to determine genetic similarity among sixteen alfalfa populations using the AFLP technique. Plant material was selected considering the high genotypic variability. It included populations of different origin: native forms of alfalfa (secondary ecotypes), inbred lines, single hybrids, synthetic populations, varieties and mutants. Analysis was carried out using 10 combinations of primers. It was noticed, that in case of the studied alfalfa populations, the highest polymorphism was obtained using primers with three selective nucleotides. The genetic similarity coefficients were calculated by the method of Nei and Li. Those coefficients were used for the hierarchical grouping of objects by the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic means. Results of the grouping were presented in the form of dendrogram. Values of coefficients ranged from 0.3311 (between the inbred F line and the Ulstar variety) to 0.8076 (between ecotype 27 and the synthetic population Syn 7-3). Dendrogram of genetic similarity obtained in this way did not fully correspond with the known data about the studied populations' origin. Considering the genetic similarity, inbreed line F was the most outlying from the studied populations of alfalfa.
Artykuł zawiera opis przypadku pacjenta z nowotworem prostaty od momentu diagnozy do czasu kolejnego rzutu choroby. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie pozytywnych zmian zachodzących w człowieku w sytuacjach kryzysowych, jakimi są choroby nowotworowe. Autorki wskazują szeroki zakres pozytywnych zmian, które zaszły w osobowości i w życiu pacjenta po traumie wynikającej z konfrontacji z chorobą nowotworową. Opis ukazuje dynamikę zmian w przebiegu choroby nowotworowej i tłumaczy poszczególne zjawiska. Zwrócono także uwagę na trudności związane z nazewnictwem i rozumieniem mechanizmów tych zmian. Przeprowadzono krótką analizę obserwowanego zjawiska, traktowanego zarówno jako wynik wzrostu potraumatycznego, jak i jako efekt strategii radzenia sobie ze stresem lub poznawczej adaptacji do choroby. Do badań psychologicznych zastosowano kwestionariusze KOS, PTGI, Mini-MAC, AIS, STAI, BDI, IZZ, SWLS.
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