We aimed to fully review the association of empirical dietary patterns with the risk of noncommunicable chronic diseases and to rate the quality of the evidence. Published meta-analyses of observational studies investigating the association of empirically-derived dietary patterns with the risk of chronic diseases were identified by searching PubMed and Scopus till September, 2019. Two independent reviewers extracted the information and rated the quality of the evidence by NutriGrade score. For each meta-analysis, cross-sectional and case-control studies were excluded and then, summary relative risk (SRR) was recalculated by using a random-effects model. Sixteen meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, reporting 18 SRRs for healthy dietary patterns and 16 SRRs for unhealthy patterns obtained from 116 primary prospective cohort studies with 4.8 million participants, were included. There was moderate quality of evidence for the inverse association of healthy dietary patterns with the risk of type 2 diabetes, fracture, and colorectal and breast cancers. There was also low quality evidence for the inverse relation between healthy dietary patterns and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, depression, and coronary heart and respiratory diseases. There was moderate quality of evidence for a positive association between unhealthy dietary patterns and the risk of type 2 diabetes, fracture, and metabolic syndrome. Adopting a healthy dietary pattern may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and premature death. More research is needed for outcomes for which the quality of the evidence was rated low, such as respiratory disease, mental illness, and site-specific cancers.
The genus Cinnamomum includes a number of plant species largely used as food, food additives and spices for a long time. Different traditional healing systems have used these plants as herbal remedies to cure diverse ailments. The aim of this comprehensive and updated review is to summarize the biodiversity of the genus Cinnamomum, its bioactive compounds, the mechanisms that underlie the pharmacological activities and molecular targets and toxicological safety. All the data in this review have been collected from databases and recent scientific literature including Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect etc. The results showed that the bioactive compounds of Cinnamomum species possess antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and neuroprotective effects. The preclinical (in vitro/in vivo) studies provided the possible molecular mechanisms of these action. As a novelty, recent clinical studies and toxicological data described in this paper support and confirm the pharmacological importance of the genus Cinnamomum. In conclusion, the obtained results from preclinical studies and clinical trials, as well as reduced side effects provide insights into future research of new drugs based on extracts and bioactive compounds from Cinnamomum plants.
, after first online publication: The author Javad Sharifi-Rad added has added a second affiliation "Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador" in this version] secondary metabolites that have shown diverse applications. This comprehensive review describes for Ficus genus the phytochemical compounds, traditional uses and contemporary pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiulcer, and anticonvulsant. An extended survey of the current literature (Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed) has been carried out as part of the current work. The trends in the phytochemistry, pharmacological mechanisms and activities of Ficus genus are overviewed in this manuscript: antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, antiseizure and anti-Parkinson's diseases, cytotoxic and antioxidant. Healthpromoting effects, recent human clinical studies, safety and adverse effects of Ficus plants also are covered. The medical potential and long-term pharmacotherapeutic use of the genus Ficus along with no serious reported adverse events, suggests that it can be considered as being safe.
Doogh is a dairy drinkable fermented product, whose shelf-life and quality is mostly affected by bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp.. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of essential oils (EOs) from Thymus vulgaris L., Mentha piperita L. and Ziziphora tenuior L., alone or in combination, against Staphylococcus aureus in industrial doogh. A three-level and three-variable face centered central composite design experiment was used. Results showed that EOs significantly inhibited S. aureus growth after 1 and 7 days of storage. According to the model, the maximum inhibition was obtained in the presence of 0.2% of EO, independently of the type, and no synergistic or additive effects were observed. Slightly lower S. aureus survivals were observed at the maximum concentration of Z. tenuior EO. In spite of the antimicrobial activity of these EOs, further research is needed to assess their performance in food matrix and, in particular, in dairy product.
BACKGROUND: An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was employed to predict the oxidative stability of virgin olive oil (VOO) during storage as a function of time, storage temperature, total polyphenol, -tocopherol, fatty acid profile, ultraviolet (UV) extinction coefficient (K 268 ), and diacylglycerols (DAGs).
RESULTS:The mean total quantities of polyphenols and DAGs were 1.1 and 1.9 times lower in VOOs stored at 25 ∘ C than in the initial samples, and the mean total quantities of polyphenols and DAGs were 1.3 and 2.26 times lower in VOOs stored at 37 ∘ C than in the initial samples, respectively. In a single sample, -tocopherol was reduced by between 0.52 and 0.91 times during storage, regardless of the storage temperature. The mean specific UV extinction coefficients (K 268 ) for VOO stored at 25 and 37 ∘ C were reported as 0.15 (ranging between 0.06-0.39) and 0.13 (ranging between 0.06-0.35), respectively. The ANFIS model created a multi-dimensional correlation function, which used compositional variables and environmental conditions to assess the quality of VOO. The ANFIS model, with a generalized bell-shaped membership function and a hybrid learning algorithm (R 2 = 0.98; MSE = 0.0001), provided more precise predictions than other algorithms. CONCLUSION: Minor constituents were found to be the most important factors influencing the preservation status and freshness of VOO during storage. Relative changes (increases and reductions) in DAGs were good indicators of oil oxidative stability. The observed effectiveness of ANFIS for modeling oxidative stability parameters confirmed its potential use as a supplemental tool in the predictive quality assessment of VOO.(3) X: the input value to the node. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99: 5358-5367
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) oil has important nutritional and therapeutic properties because of its high concentration of essential fatty acids. The extraction method used to obtain natural compounds from raw material is critical for product quality, in particular to protect nutritional value. This study compared the fatty acid composition of pistachio oil extracted by two conventional procedures, Soxhlet extraction and maceration, analyzed by a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Four solvents with different polarities were tested: n-hexane (Hx), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtAc) and ethanol (EtOH). The highest unsaturated fatty acid content (88.493 %) was obtained by Soxhlet extraction with EtAc. The Soxhlet method extracted the most oleic and linolenic acids (51.99 % and 0.385 %, respectively) although a higher concentration (36.32 %) of linoleic acid was extracted by maceration.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.