Concentration and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in commercial tea and coffee samples marketed in Iran

Roudbari, Aliakbar; Nazari, Roshanak Rafiei; Shariatifar, Nabi; Moazzen, Mojtaba; Abdolshahi, Anna; Mirzamohammadi, Solmaz; Madani-Tonekaboni, Masoumeh; Delvarianzadeh, Mehri; Arabameri, Majid

doi:10.1007/s11356-020-10794-0

Cited by 59 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…A ve grams (vegetable and fruit) sample was weighed and one mL of the surrogate standard (biphenyl 0.05 mg /mL in MeOH) was added, followed by adding 7.5 mL KOH (1 molar) and 7.5 mL acetonitrile /methanol (30%: v/v) and then homogenizing and sonicating the samples in an ultrasonic bath at 40 °C for 7 min. Next, the prepared sample was centrifuged at 8944 × g for 15 min, and the fat of each samples was then eliminated using the method of freezinglipid ltration 20 . Finally, the pH was adjusted with HCl )1 M) to 6.5.…”

Section: A Sample Clean-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WITHDRAWN: The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in Vegetables and Fruits Samples Marketed Tehran With Chemometric Approach

Khalili

Shariatifar

Dehghani

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The aim of current study was to evaluate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentration and probabilistic health risk in vegetables and fruits samples of Tehran city, Iran during 2018-2019 using magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) ranged 0.040-0.084 and 0.121-0.253 μg/kg, respectively. The results showed that the highest PAH levels corresponded to acenaphthene (135.1±7.1µg/kg) and naphthalene (114.1±5.0 µg/kg) , whereas the lowest concentrations were those of Benzo(a)pyrene (not detected), Benzo(k)fluoranthene (not detected), Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (not detected), Benzo(b)fluoranthene (not detected) and Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (not detected). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to evaluate the correlation between the type and amount of 16 PAHs with vegetables and fruits samples. The results of Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) revealed that the mean of incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) in vegetables and fruits is 5.2E-05 and 7.7E-05 higher than the acceptable risk level (10-6). Finally, the highest ILCR in fruits and vegetables was related to cucumber (5.1E-04) and tomato (4.3E-04), respectively. Therefore, monitoring the PAHs concentrations in both groups of vegetables and fruits is necessary.

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Section: A Sample Clean-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where BECi and IRj represent the BaPeq level of PAHs in food i (ng/g) and the amount of digestion of food i per day (g/d), respectively 20 . Moreover, the amount of digestion of food by each group was gotten from questionnaires which were distributed among the citizens of Tehran.…”

Section: Estimate Of Dietary Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

WITHDRAWN: The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in Vegetables and Fruits Samples Marketed Tehran With Chemometric Approach

Khalili

Shariatifar

Dehghani

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Another study analyzing PAHs in commercial tea and coffee samples marketed in Iran reported that the ILCR was lower than 1 × 10 −4 (ILCR less than 10 −6 indicates an acceptable level of risk, while a value between 10 −6 and 10 −4 indicates a potential health risk), indicating no significant risk of cancer attributable to the consumption of tea and coffee in children and adults [149]. Jia et al [110] studied the daily ingestion of PAHs related to the dietary consumption of vegetables planted near industrial areas of Shanghai, China.…”

Section: Risk Assessment Of Pahs In Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods: Biological Effects, Legislation, Occurrence, Analytical Methods, and Strategies to Reduce Their Formation

Sampaio

Guizellini

Silva

et al. 2021

IJMS

146

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are chemical compounds comprised of carbon and hydrogen molecules in a cyclic arrangement. PAHs are associated with risks to human health, especially carcinogenesis. One form of exposure to these compounds is through ingestion of contaminated food, which can occur during preparation and processing involving high temperatures (e.g., grilling, smoking, toasting, roasting, and frying) as well as through PAHs present in the soil, air, and water (i.e., environmental pollution). Differently from changes caused by microbiological characteristics and lipid oxidation, consumers cannot sensorially perceive PAH contamination in food products, thereby hindering their ability to reject these foods. Herein, the occurrence and biological effects of PAHs were comprehensively explored, as well as analytical methods to monitor their levels, legislations, and strategies to reduce their generation in food products. This review updates the current knowledge and addresses recent regulation changes concerning the widespread PAHs contamination in several types of food, often surpassing the concentration limits deemed acceptable by current legislations. Therefore, effective measures involving different food processing strategies are needed to prevent and reduce PAHs contamination, thereby decreasing human exposure and detrimental health effects. Furthermore, gaps in literature have been addressed to provide a basis for future studies.

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“…The THQ was used for the non-carcinogenic risk assessment of toxic metals according to Eq. 2 (Dadar et al 2017;Madani-Tonekaboni et al 2019;Roudbari et al 2021):…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative measurement of toxic metals and assessment of health risk in agricultural products food from Markazi Province of Iran

et al. 2021

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The current study aims to investigate the levels of the toxic metal in agricultural products (legumes, wheat, and potato) collected in Markazi province, Iran, and human health risk by using inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The levels of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in all samples were lower than the limit of detection (LOD), while the level of Cd in potato samples was lower than the maximum permisible level (MPL) of the European commission (EC). The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment by direct ingestion of agricultural products was calculated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method. The highest mean of toxic metals was observed for lead (Pb) in legume samples (562.17 μg kg− 1). Mercury (Hg) and Pb levels in all samples were higher than LOD, while Pb level in wheat samples were lower than of EC. The rank order of Hg and Pb levels in all samples based on target hazard quotient (THQ) value was wheat> potato>legume. The THQ index of Hg and Pb by the deterministic method in wheat was 1.37 and 0.454; in potato 0.139 and 0.104; in legume 0.092 and 0.41, respectively. The carcinogenic risk index was at an acceptable range. The high hazard index values were estimated and the THQ index for Hg in wheat suggests a non-negligible health risk.

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Concentration and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in commercial tea and coffee samples marketed in Iran

Cited by 59 publications

References 39 publications

WITHDRAWN: The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in Vegetables and Fruits Samples Marketed Tehran With Chemometric Approach

WITHDRAWN: The Analysis and Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contamination in Vegetables and Fruits Samples Marketed Tehran With Chemometric Approach

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Foods: Biological Effects, Legislation, Occurrence, Analytical Methods, and Strategies to Reduce Their Formation

Quantitative measurement of toxic metals and assessment of health risk in agricultural products food from Markazi Province of Iran

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