Quantitative measurement of toxic metals and assessment of health risk in agricultural products food from Markazi Province of Iran

Karimi, Farzaneh; Shariatifar, Nabi; Rezaei, Mohammad; Alikord, Mahsa; Arabameri, Majid

doi:10.1186/s40550-021-00083-0

Cited by 43 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…According to the EPA procedure, Monte Carlo Simulation was performed in the probabilistic hazard evaluations to reduce the uncertainties of the hazard predictions with probability assignment for each variable to elude underestimation or overestimation ( 30 , 32 , 33 , 39 ). For this purpose, several research studies have been done on the assessment of probabilistic health risk by using Monte Carlo Simulation for PAH S in infant formulae in Iran ( 18 ), arsenic in infants Dietary intake in the USA ( 40 ), PAHs in mushrooms (raw, grilled, and fried) ( 8 ), trace elements and sulfur dioxide residual in raisins ( 34 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Baby Food Samples in Tehran, Iran With Magnetic-Solid-Phase-Extraction and Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry Method: A Health Risk Assessment

et al. 2022

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Baby food is one of the most sensitive foods available, which is closely monitored for carcinogens. In this study, 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were evaluated by using the method of magnetic-solid-phase-extraction and gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry (MSPE/GC-MS). The recovery, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of PAH compounds were 93.4–101.6%, 0.06–1.12, and 0.18–3.38 μg/kg, respectively. The results indicated the mean of total PAHs in all samples was 3.73 ± 0.8 μg/kg, and the mean of Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was 0.29 ± 0.14 μg/kg that were lower than the USA-Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard level (1 μg/kg, BaP in baby foods). In addition, our results showed that mixed five cereal-based baby food had a maximum mean of ΣPAHs (5.06 ± 0.68 μg/kg) and mixed wheat and date-based baby food had a minimum mean of ΣPAHs (3.03 ± 0.41 μg/kg). The carcinogenic risk due to PAH in the tested baby foods sold in Iran was adequately low, and all examined products were safe for consumers. Therefore, it can be said that the consumption of baby foods does not pose a threat to consumers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Baby Food Samples in Tehran, Iran With Magnetic-Solid-Phase-Extraction and Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry Method: A Health Risk Assessment

et al. 2022

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“…Epidemiological studies have shown that long-term exposure to microplastics is highly associated with cancer development in humans and animals (Karimi et al 2021 ). Due to their small size, microplastics can be directly consumed by various marine organisms and contaminate the human food chain via the bioaccumulation process (Zhao 2022 ).…”

Section: Detrimental Effects Of Microplastics Ingestion On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, heavy metals such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) used in the production of plastics are carcinogenic, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Epidemiological studies have shown that long-term exposure to microplastics is highly associated with cancer development in humans and animals (Karimi et al 2021). Due to their small size, microplastics can be directly consumed by various marine organisms and contaminate the human food chain via the bioaccumulation process (Zhao 2022).…”

Section: Microplastic-induced Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic sources, formation, toxicity and remediation: a review

et al. 2023

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Microplastic pollution is becoming a major issue for human health due to the recent discovery of microplastics in most ecosystems. Here, we review the sources, formation, occurrence, toxicity and remediation methods of microplastics. We distinguish ocean-based and land-based sources of microplastics. Microplastics have been found in biological samples such as faeces, sputum, saliva, blood and placenta. Cancer, intestinal, pulmonary, cardiovascular, infectious and inflammatory diseases are induced or mediated by microplastics. Microplastic exposure during pregnancy and maternal period is also discussed. Remediation methods include coagulation, membrane bioreactors, sand filtration, adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, electrocoagulation and magnetic separation. Control strategies comprise reducing plastic usage, behavioural change, and using biodegradable plastics. Global plastic production has risen dramatically over the past 70 years to reach 359 million tonnes. China is the world's top producer, contributing 17.5% to global production, while Turkey generates the most plastic waste in the Mediterranean region, at 144 tonnes per day. Microplastics comprise 75% of marine waste, with land-based sources responsible for 80–90% of pollution, while ocean-based sources account for only 10–20%. Microplastics induce toxic effects on humans and animals, such as cytotoxicity, immune response, oxidative stress, barrier attributes, and genotoxicity, even at minimal dosages of 10 μg/mL. Ingestion of microplastics by marine animals results in alterations in gastrointestinal tract physiology, immune system depression, oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, differential gene expression, and growth inhibition. Furthermore, bioaccumulation of microplastics in the tissues of aquatic organisms can have adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem, with potential transmission of microplastics to humans and birds. Changing individual behaviours and governmental actions, such as implementing bans, taxes, or pricing on plastic carrier bags, has significantly reduced plastic consumption to 8–85% in various countries worldwide. The microplastic minimisation approach follows an upside-down pyramid, starting with prevention, followed by reducing, reusing, recycling, recovering, and ending with disposal as the least preferable option.

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“…Another study in this province showed that the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic index of mercury in milk is unsafe for children (Karimi, Rezaei, et al, 2021). The Angoran lead and zinc mine, situated in Mahenshan city, Zanjan province, Iran (36 • 37′ N and 47 • 24′ E), stands as a prominent entity within the Middle East's mining landscape.…”

Section: Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risk assessment of lead‐zinc mine tailing in Angoran, Zanjan, Iran

Akhavan,

Golchin

2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Comprehending the characteristics of heavy metal contamination within mine tailings and its ramifications on ecological and human well‐being holds paramount importance in formulating effective preventive and ameliorative strategies. This investigation evaluates the health hazards posed by the tailings originating from the Angoran lead‐zinc mine situated in Zanjan province, Iran. The mine generates two distinct types of tailings: hot filter cake (referred to as cobalt cake or S2) and cold filter cake (nickel cake or S1). Twenty subsamples were procured from each type of tailing and subjected to analysis at the pollution research laboratory of University of Zanjan. The quantification of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), and antimony (Sb) concentrations was accomplished through the utilization of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic risk assessment indices were computed. Moreover, the limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for the measurements were established using blank solutions prepared as samples for assessment. The Hazard Index (HI) surpassed unity for Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Hg, and Mn in both types of tailings, signifying non‐carcinogenic risk exposure for both children and adults. Furthermore, the HI for Pb and As also exceeded unity for adults. Consequently, both age groups were subject to non‐carcinogenic hazards, with children encountering notably elevated risks. The chief pathways for exposure to heavy metals and the ensuing non‐carcinogenic risks encompassed ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The cumulative risk threshold for carcinogenic outcomes, in accordance with USEPA standards, ranged between 1.00E‐04 and 1.00E‐06. In this inquiry, the overall risk for children associated with tailing S1 and S2 amounted to 2.39E‐03 and 5.00E‐03, respectively, markedly surpassing the acceptable threshold. Furthermore, the cumulative risk for adults pertaining to tailing S1 and S2 stood at 1.27E‐03 and 4.68E‐03, respectively, indicating the presence of carcinogenic perils in the adult demographic.

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Quantitative measurement of toxic metals and assessment of health risk in agricultural products food from Markazi Province of Iran

Cited by 43 publications

References 42 publications

Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Baby Food Samples in Tehran, Iran With Magnetic-Solid-Phase-Extraction and Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry Method: A Health Risk Assessment

Measurement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Baby Food Samples in Tehran, Iran With Magnetic-Solid-Phase-Extraction and Gas-Chromatography/Mass-Spectrometry Method: A Health Risk Assessment

Microplastic sources, formation, toxicity and remediation: a review

Health risk assessment of lead‐zinc mine tailing in Angoran, Zanjan, Iran

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