The resurgence of infectious diseases on the African continent plays a major role in the increase in cancer occurrence. Whereas in developed countries the causes of occurrence of cancers are related mainly to non-infectious factors; cancers of infectious origin become a dramatic particularity in Africa. The proportion of virus-induced cancers may reach up to 75% of cancer cases in certain countries. Oncogenic viruses such as human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis viruses B and C, human herpes virus 8 and Epstein Barr virus in association with human immunodeficiency virus are the main viral etiologies of cancers in Africa, representing around 30% of cancers causes. Optimistically, 30% of cancers could be prevented in Africa. However, health burden prevails on the continent due to the weakness of health policy especially regarding preventive medicine, but also the limited technical facilities, poor manpower and insufficient political commitment. We felt urgent to review the state of the art of the question, and necessary to analyze and publicize the current epidemiological advances in oncogenic viruses and virus-induced cancers in Africa. Prevention implies understanding, which is compulsory to reverse the current trends and to potentially instate a control of virus-induced cancers.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in the world. In Congo, studies on the prevalence of HBV infection are common but HDV infection is rare. Objective: Contribute to improve the management and prevention of HBV and HDV infections. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted from January to August 2016 in the health services of the various departments of Congo and at the national public health laboratory in Brazzaville. All patients with HBsAg surface antigen who were at least 18 years old and who consented to the study were included. The HBs antigen was first tested by a rapid test then confirmed by ELISA. All HBsAg positive patients were subsequently subjected to a second ELISA test for Delta antibody. The techniques of extraction and conventional and specific gene amplification were carried out on plasma for the identification of the genotypes of the two viruses. The data analysis was done with EpiInfo V7 software. The proportions were compared using the Chi-square test or the Fisher test at the significance level of 5%. Results: 1618 subjects were included, of whom 180 were positive for HBsAg, a frequency of 11.12%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.77%, the mean age was 40.2 ± 15.6 years with extremes ranging from 18 to 88 years. Of the 180 HBsAg positive, 22 were anti-VHD positive, a frequency of 12.22%. HBV DNA was amplified in 83.8% (151/180), HDV RNA in 63.6% (14/22). For HBV, three genotypes were identified: E (46.9%), A (43.7%) and D (9.4%), however for VHD three genotypes D1, D5, D8 were identified. Conclusion: Co-infection of hepatitis

It concerned diabetic patients followed in Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire agreeing to the study, after obtaining the opinion of the ethics committee of the research in health science. All samples collected were screened for the presence of anti HCV Ab using a rapid ALERE HCV test and the Monolisa HCV Ag-Ab ultra test for confirmation in Congo. Detection of the viral RNA was done by PCR retrotranscription and genotyping was performed according to the reverse hybridization technique in France. Data analysis was done with EpiInfo 6.0 software (2016); the proportions were compared using the Chi-square test or the Fisher test at the significance level of 5%. Results: Of 447 patients with diabetes mellitus, 49 had HCV positive serology and the sex ratio was 0.63. Seroprevalence of AC anti HCV was 11% (49/447); HCV RNA was detectable in 71.4% (n = 35) patients. The average age of the population was 62 ± 10 years with extremes ranging from 26 to 82 years. The circulating genotypes were 4 (97.1%) and 1 (2.8%). Subtyping was defined in 17.64% (n = 6) of genotype 4 patients; undefined in 82.36% (n = 28) of Genotype 4 patients, and in one of genotype 1 patients. The subtypes identified were subtype 4e (60%), subtype 4e (8.8%), subtype 4a/4c/4d (5.8%), and subtype 4h (2.9%).

Introduction: Gastric adenocarcinoma is the most common gastric malignancy (over 90% of gastric cancers) and remains a global public health problem. The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological and histopathological aspects of gastric adenocarcinoma in Brazzaville. Material and Methods: The epidemiological and histopathological profile is determined through a descriptive study, collecting retrospective data spread over a period of 11 years (January 2008- December 2018), based on consultation of the departmental histology registers. pathological anatomy and cytology. For each case, age, sex, location, pTNM stage, location and histological type were collected. Results: 93 histologically confirmed gastric adenocarcinomas were collected during the 11-year period. The mean age of the patients was 54.5 years. The sex ratio was 2 in favor of men. The antral and fundal localization were more frequent (74.2% and 20.4% respectively). Of the 2 operative parts collected, one was T2N1 and the other T1N0. Tubular adenocarcinoma was the most common histologic type (51.6%), followed by independent cell adenocarcinoma (34.4%), papillary adenocarcinoma (11.8%), and mucinous adenocarcinoma (2, 2%). Conclusion: gastric tubular adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type in Brazzaville. Key words: epidemiology, gastric adenocarcinoma, histological type.

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