Virus-Induced Cancers in Africa: Epidemiology and Carcinogenesis Mechanisms

Moukassa, Donatien; Boumba, Anicet; Ngatali, C. F. S.; Ebatetou, A; Mbon, Jean Bernard Nkoua; Ibara, Jean-Rosaire

doi:10.4236/ojpathology.2018.81001

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The protonated sites are shown in Figure 5. These are the nitrogen atoms sp 2 of benzothiazole ring (N1) and sp 3 PA and GB both account for basicity strength of a site in molecule. For these six benzothiazoles, these two quantities agree on basicity forces of sites examined.…”

Section: Protonic Affinity and Basicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cancers constitute on planetary scale a public health concern. If the epidemiological data show a decrease in mortality rate linked to this pathology in Western countries, these are expanding in developing countries [1][2][3][4][5]. Scientific studies have shown that the most common cancers in the sub-Saharan region are prostate, cervical, breast, ovarian and liver cancers [1,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Theoretical Study on the Stability, Reactivity and Protonic Affinity of 2-Phenylbenzothiazole Derivatives

Lucie¹,

Koné²,

Robert³

et al. 2019

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The 2-phenylbenzothiazole derivatives have antitumor activities. Work has shown that these derivatives have mesomeric forms. The electrophilic centers of these mesomers form adducts with the nucleophilic centers of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). These adducts destroy the tumor cells and prevent the proliferation of these. In this sense, the knowledge of electrophilic sites, nucleophiles and the capacity to protonate these derivatives is therefore useful if we want to know their future in the biological environment. Using DFT/B3LYP method associated with the bases 6-31G (d, p) and 6-31+G (d, p), this work aims at determining the preferential protonation site, the electrophilic and nucleophilic centers of six 2-phenylbenzothiazole. This study also analyzes the stability of these derivatives. Calculations are carried out in gas and aqueous phases. Results show that fluorinated derivatives are the most stable. 2-(4-aminophenyl) benzothiazoles are the most reactive. The atoms carbon C 4 , C 5 and C 6 of benzothiazole ring are the most electrophilic. Interactions of these derivatives with nucleophilic centers of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) will probably be at these atoms. Nitrogen sp 2 (N1) of benzothiazole ring remains the most nucleophilic center and the preferential site of protonation in all the molecules studied. These results highlight the influence of the substituents on the basicity of the nitrogen sp 2 (N1) and reactivity of the 2-phenylbenzothiazole derivatives studied.

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Section: Protonic Affinity and Basicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretical Study on the Stability, Reactivity and Protonic Affinity of 2-Phenylbenzothiazole Derivatives

Lucie¹,

Koné²,

Robert³

et al. 2019

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“…Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gamma-herpesvirus from the family of primate lymphocryptovirus (LCVs) [1]. EBV primarily infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells [2] and over 90% of the global human population have contracted EBV by adulthood and carry the latent virus lifelong [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling genome-wide recombination in Epstein Barr virus reveals type-specific patterns and associations with endemic-Burkitt lymphoma

Agwati

Oduor

Ayieko

et al. 2022

Virol J

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Background Endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) is potentiated through the interplay of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum malaria. To better understand EBV’s biology and role in eBL, we characterized genome-wide recombination sites and patterns as a source of genetic diversity in EBV genomes in our well-defined population of eBL cases and controls from Western Kenya. Methods EBV genomes representing 54 eBL cases and 32 healthy children from the same geographic region in Western Kenya that we previously sequenced were analyzed. Whole-genome multiple sequence alignment, recombination analyses, and phylogenetic inference were made using multiple alignment with fast Fourier transform, recombination detection program 4, and molecular evolutionary genetics analysis. Results We identified 28 different recombination events and 71 (82.6%) of the 86 EBV genomes analyzed contained evidence of one or more recombinant segments. Associated recombination breakpoints were found to occur in a total of 42 different genes, with only 7 (16.67%) being latent genes. Recombination events were major drivers of clustering within genome-wide phylogenetic trees. The occurrence of recombination segments was comparable between genomes from male and female participants and across age groups. More recombinant segments were found in EBV type 1 genomes (p = 6.4e − 06) and the genomes from the eBLs (p = 0.037). Two recombination events were enriched in the eBLs; event 47 (OR = 4.07, p = 0.038) and event 50 (OR = 14.24, p = 0.012). Conclusions EBV genomes have extensive evidence of recombination likely acquired progressively and cumulatively over time. Recombination patterns display a heterogeneous occurrence rate across the genome with enrichment in lytic genes. Overall, recombination appears to be a major evolutionary force impacting EBV diversity and genome structure with evidence of the association of specific recombinants with eBL.

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“…Cancers associated with viral infections are on the rise globally, and in SSA [ 18 , 21 ] ( Figure 1 ). Approximately a third of all cancers in Africa are linked to a viral etiology [ 22 ]. Viruses such as HPV are generally dependent on the cellular machinery of the host for replication [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Catastrophic HPV/HIV Dual Viral Oncogenomics in Concert with Dysregulated Alternative Splicing in Cervical Cancer

Marima

Hull

Lolas

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Cervical cancer is a public health problem and has devastating effects in low-to-middle-income countries (LTMICs) such as the sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. Infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. HIV positive women have higher HPV prevalence and cervical cancer incidence than their HIV negative counterparts do. Concurrent HPV/HIV infection is catastrophic, particularly to African women due to the high prevalence of HIV infections. Although various studies show a relationship between HPV, HIV and cervical cancer, there is still a gap in the knowledge concerning the precise nature of this tripartite association. Firstly, most studies show the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer at genomic and epigenetic levels, while the transcriptomic landscape of this relationship remains to be elucidated. Even though many studies have shown HPV/HIV dual viral pathogenesis, the dual molecular oncoviral effects on the development of cervical cancer remains largely uncertain. Furthermore, the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the cellular splicing machinery is unclear. Emerging evidence indicates the vital role played by host splicing events in both HPV and HIV infection in the development and progression to cervical cancer. Therefore, decoding the transcriptome landscape of this tripartite relationship holds promising therapeutic potential. This review will focus on the link between cellular splicing machinery, HPV, HIV infection and the aberrant alternative splicing events that take place in HIV/HPV-associated cervical cancer. Finally, we will investigate how these aberrant splicing events can be targeted for the development of new therapeutic strategies against HPV/HIV-associated cervical cancer.

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Virus-Induced Cancers in Africa: Epidemiology and Carcinogenesis Mechanisms

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

A Theoretical Study on the Stability, Reactivity and Protonic Affinity of 2-Phenylbenzothiazole Derivatives

A Theoretical Study on the Stability, Reactivity and Protonic Affinity of 2-Phenylbenzothiazole Derivatives

Profiling genome-wide recombination in Epstein Barr virus reveals type-specific patterns and associations with endemic-Burkitt lymphoma

The Catastrophic HPV/HIV Dual Viral Oncogenomics in Concert with Dysregulated Alternative Splicing in Cervical Cancer

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