The resurgence of infectious diseases on the African continent plays a major role in the increase in cancer occurrence. Whereas in developed countries the causes of occurrence of cancers are related mainly to non-infectious factors; cancers of infectious origin become a dramatic particularity in Africa. The proportion of virus-induced cancers may reach up to 75% of cancer cases in certain countries. Oncogenic viruses such as human papilloma virus (HPV), hepatitis viruses B and C, human herpes virus 8 and Epstein Barr virus in association with human immunodeficiency virus are the main viral etiologies of cancers in Africa, representing around 30% of cancers causes. Optimistically, 30% of cancers could be prevented in Africa. However, health burden prevails on the continent due to the weakness of health policy especially regarding preventive medicine, but also the limited technical facilities, poor manpower and insufficient political commitment. We felt urgent to review the state of the art of the question, and necessary to analyze and publicize the current epidemiological advances in oncogenic viruses and virus-induced cancers in Africa. Prevention implies understanding, which is compulsory to reverse the current trends and to potentially instate a control of virus-induced cancers.

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The objective of our study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of breast cancer at the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study that took place in the Cancer Department of the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire during the period from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2016 for duration of 5 years. 54 records of patients over 18 years of age with histological evidence were collected. The variables studied were: age, level of education, time to presentation, telltale sign, stage of extension, histological type, and histological grade. Chi-square test was used to compare variables and groups. Results: At the end of this study, we collected 54 files of breast cancer patients from 150 patients hospitalized in the Cancer Department. The frequency of breast cancer was 36%. The average age was 50 ± 13.6 years; the extremes were 27 years and 79 years. The most represented age group was from 37 to 40 years old with a percentage of 28%. The patient's level of study was primary in the majority of cases (57%). The most represented histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma, (100%). The majority of patients arrived at advanced stages 44.4% and metastatic stages 26%. Patients were treated in most of cases by chemotherapy (82%), surgery (42%) and radiotherapy (10%). There was a correlation between time of presentation and stage of extension. Conclusion: Breast cancer is the first cancer of the woman in Pointe Noire. Patients arrive at advanced stages; the most common histological type is invasive ductal carcino-

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. About 5% to 10% of breast cancer patients present with metastases. While the 5-year survival of patients with local breast cancer varies around 98.8%, this survival rate drops to around 26.3% for metastatic patients. The objective of this study was to determine the survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer in resource-limited settings. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that took place in the Cancer Department of the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe Noire during the period from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2018, for duration of 6 years. 30 records of patients over 18 years of age and with histological evidence who received at least 3 courses of chemotherapy were collected. The variables studied were: age, level of education, socioeconomic level, menopausal status, history, WHO status, menopausal status, tumor size, histological type, tumor location, the type of treatment and survival. Survival was calculated by Kaplan Meier method. Fisher's exact test was used to search for correlation between variables. Results: The average age was 52.62 ± 10.96 years old. The extremes were 33 years and 75 years old. The most represented level of education was the primary level in 67% of cases. The majority of patients had low socioeconomic status in 50% of cases. The patients were menopausal in 57% of cases. The antecedents of cancer were present in 13% of cases. 50% of patients had a WHO status performance at 2. The tumor size was greater than 2 cm in 77% of cases. The most represented histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma in 93% of cases. The most represented histological grade was Scharff grade III Richardson bloom in 80% of cases.

Objective: To determine the kappa (κ) concordance coefficient between fine needle aspiration and serum prostatic antigen (PSA) coupled with digital rectal examination and prostatic ultrasound. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study covering the period from January 1st to June 30th, 2018 in the city of Pointe-Noire. It is a study of 31 cases of prostate tumors in Congolese subjects at the General Hospital of Loandjili in Pointe-Noire of Congo Brazzaville. The clinical, biological, ultrasound and cytological aspects were the variables of the study. Results: The mean age was 71.06 years with extremes of 57 and 93 years. One patient had a family history of prostate cancer that was found at his brother's house at the age of 52. Dysuria was the most represented sign in all of our patients. Suspicion of prostate cancer was the most commonly talked in digital rectal examination. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) was greater than or equal to 10 ng/ml in more 74% of our patients. 61.3% of our patients had a heterogeneous prostatic ultrasound. 48.3% of malignant tumors and 32.3% of benign tumors were found cytologically. The association between digital rectal examination and prostatic ultrasound was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) and good agreement was found between cytological diagnosis coupled with digital rectal examination and prostatic echostructure (0.6 ≤ κ ≤ 0.8). A low concordance between prostatic specific antigen (PSA) and cytological concordance was noted (0.2 ≤ κ ≤ 0.4). Conclusion: Prostatic tumors in Congo in their diagnostic particularities are dominated by malignant tumors with a large number of patients to watch. The fine needle aspiration is suitable for orientation examinations of prostatic tumors and can be performed by any doctor and provides us a fast, effective diagnostic orientation with a strong clinico-morphological correlation in our low incomes countries.

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