rESUMo objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a prevalência de transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) entre os estudantes do curso de medicina da UFES e avaliar possíveis correlações entre TMC e fatores de risco. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado de setembro a novembro de 2007 envolvendo 229 alunos do curso de medicina. O questionário utilizado foi autoaplicável e anônimo. Foram coletados dados socioeconômicos, informações sobre o curso, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e a rede de apoio social. Para o rastreamento de TMC, utilizou-se o Self-Reporting Questionnaire . resultados: A prevalência total de TMC encontrada foi de 37,1% (IC 95%, 30,8%-43,4%), que esteve independentemente associada a não receber o apoio emocional necessário (OR = 7,4, IC 95%, 3,1-17,9) e relatar "dificuldade para tirar dúvidas em sala de aula por timidez" durante a infância ou adolescência (OR = 2,5, IC 95%, 1,0-6,1). Conclusão: Os dados demonstram elevada prevalência de TMC nessa população e a importância em subsidiar ações para prevenção e cuidado com a saúde mental dos estudantes, melhorando a qualidade de vida deles. (IC 95%, and it was independent correlated to not receiving sufficient emotional support (OR = 7.4, IC 95%, and report "difficulties for asking questions during classes, by shyness" during childhood and adolescence (OR = 2.5, IC 95%,. Conclusion: These data showed high prevalence of CMD in this population and the importance of planning prevention and assistance strategies regarding mental health focuses on a better quality of life for these students. Palavras-chaveTranstornos mentais, estudantes de medicina, fatores de risco, prevalência, saúde mental.

HPV16 accounts for 50–70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide. Characterization of HPV16 variants previously indicated that they differ in risks for viral persistence, progression to cervical precancer and malignant cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the association of severity of disease with HPV16 variants identified in specimens (n = 281) obtained from a Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy outpatient clinic in the University Hospital of Espírito Santo State, Southeastern Brazil, from April 2010 to November 2011. All cytologic and histologic diagnoses were determined prior to definitive treatment. The DNA was isolated using QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and HPV was detected by amplification with PGMY09/11 primers and positive samples were genotyped by RFLP analyses and reverse line blot. The genomes of the HPV16 positive samples were sequenced, from which variant lineages were determined. Chi2 statistics was performed to test the association of HPV16 variants between case and control groups. The prevalence of HR-HPV types in

A high prevalence of CT was found in this population, and behavioral risk was high despite readily available STI prevention information. Women who reported positive condom use behaviors were less likely to have CT. These results demonstrate the need for ongoing STI prevention activities, including STI screening and continued successful risk reduction activities such as condom use to further decrease CT and other STI among adolescents.

This study shows a high prevalence of CT infection among young pregnant women in Brazil. We suggest that CT screening should be included as part of antenatal care routine in this group in Brazil.

IntroduçãoA notificação compulsória de uma doença visa acumular dados suficientes para permitir uma análise que leve a intervenções para sua redução e/ou de suas consequências 1 . No caso da notificação da sífilis em gestantes, a pretensão clara é a de reduzir a sua incidência até conseguir a eliminação da sífilis congênita, derivada da transmissão vertical do Treponema pallidum 2 . A sífilis congênita é causa de importante morbidade para a criança e, também, de mortalidade perinatal, especialmente no componente fetal 3 , apesar do baixo custo do tratamento e disponibilidade de tecnologia leve para sua prevenção 4 .A sífilis na gestante tornou-se de notificação compulsória em 2005 (Portaria MS/SVS nº. 33) 5 , sendo a ficha de investigação liberada para digitação no Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) em 2007. A sífilis congênita adquiriu este status muito tempo antes, em 1986, e sua ficha de investigação sofreu variações ao longo dos anos, a fim de melhorar a detecção e acompanhar o processo de eliminação assinado em acordos internacionais pelo Ministério da Saúde 6,7,8 .A qualidade do preenchimento das fichas de investigação de agravos de notificação compulsória é determinante para o planejamento de intervenções 1 . Para a sífilis em gestante, o processo de investigação se dá na atenção primária, uma vez que esse é o cenário em que o diagnóstico ARTIGO ARTICLE

BackgroundOver the last decade tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality in Brazil have been steadily declining. However, this downward trend has not been observed among HIV-infected patients. We describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of TB patients by HIV status using the Brazilian National Surveillance System.MethodsAll TB diagnoses with HIV status information between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2011 were categorized as either HIV or non-HIV at time of TB diagnosis. Co-infected patients (TB-HIV) were compared to TB patients with no HIV-infection using a hierarchical logistic regression model using Stata 13.0.ResultsThe prevalence of TB-HIV co-infection was 19% among adults ≥ 15 years of age. We analyzed data from 243,676 individuals, of whom 46,466 were TB-HIV and 197,210 were only TB cases. The following factors increased risk of co-infection: male sex (OR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10), 20 to 39 years of age (OR = 4.82, 95% CI 4.34-5.36), black (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.13), 4–7 years of education (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.19-1.28), diagnosed following default (OR = 2.65, 95% CI 1.13-6.25), presenting with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary forms of TB simultaneously (OR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.56-5.02), presenting with histopathologic examination suggestive of TB (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.13-4.07). Co-infected patients were less likely to live in rural areas (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.42-0.48), have diabetes (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.40-0.50) and be smear positive (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.95), and co-infected patients had higher risk of default (OR = 2.96, 95% CI 2.36-3.71) and death from TB (OR = 5.16, 95% CI 43.04-5.77).ConclusionsThe prevalence of co-infection with HIV among TB patients is 19% in Brazil. By identifying predictors of co-infection targeted interventions can be developed to prevent both TB and HIV, and to diagnose each disease earlier and ultimately decrease poor treatment outcomes and death.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-415) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients with tuberculosis (TB) only and that of patients with TB/AIDS in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, between 2000 and 2006. Methods For the patients of interest, we collected demographic and clinical data from the Epidemiological Surveillance Center (TB database), Brazilian Case Registry Database, and Brazilian National Mortality Database, as well as the Brazilian National CD4+/CD8+ T Lymphocyte Count and Viral Load Network Laboratory Test Control System and the Logistic Medication Monitoring System (HIV/AIDS databases). All of the compiled data were cross-referenced. Results During the study period, we identified 9,543 TB patients > 15 years of age, 437 of whom (4.6%) had AIDS. The median age did not differ between TB/AIDS and TB-only patients (35 years vs. 38 years). Of the 437 TB/AIDS patients, 298 (68.2%) were male, and 156 (35.8%) were in the 30–39 age bracket. In terms of TB treatment outcome, 79.0% were cured, 9.7% were referred to other facilities, 6.0% died, 5.2% abandoned treatment, and 0.2% developed multidrug-resistant TB. Death was 4.75 times more common in patients with TB/AIDS than in those with TB only. Pulmonary TB accounted for 82.4% of the cases. The combination of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB was 8.2 times more common in the TB/AIDS patients than in the TB-only patients (95% CI: 6.2–10.8). Conclusions Our results emphasize the significance of AIDS among TB patients in Brazil, as well as the importance of evaluating secondary data in order to improve their quality and develop public health interventions.

ObjectiveIndigenous women from the Amazon regions have some of the highest rates of cervical cancer in the world. This study evaluated cervical cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) in native women that differ by lifestyle and interaction with western society. Yanomami women are isolated deep in the Amazon with a hunter/gatherer lifestyle. Macuxi and Wapishana women live in proximity to western society.MethodsTo select a representative group of women from each district, random cluster sampling was used, considering each registered village as a cluster. Cervical samples were collected for cytology and HPV detection and typing by PCR amplification and next generation sequencing. The study was approved by the National IRB and by tribal leaders.Results664 native women were enrolled from 13 indigenous villages (76% participation rate). Yanomami women had higher rates of abnormal cytology (5.1% vs. 1.8%, p = 0.04) and prevalent HR-HPV (34.1% vs. 19.2%, p<0.001). Yanomami women >35y of age were significantly more likely to have HR-HPV, whereas women ≤35y did not significantly differ between groups. Prevalence of HPV was significantly different amongst geographically clustered Yanomami women (p<0.004). The most prevalent HPV types in the entire group were HPV31 (8.7%), HPV16 (5.9%) and HPV18 (4.4%).ConclusionIsolated endogenous Yanomami women were more likely to be HPV+ and rates increased with age. Study of HPV in isolated hunter-gather peoples suggests that long-term persistence is a characteristic of prehistoric humans and patterns reflecting decreased prevalence with age in western society represents recent change. These studies have implications for cervical cancer prevention and viral-host relationships.