No abstract

The aim of this study was to translate into Brazilian Portuguese three scales for the assessment of men's body image, namely the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS), the Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire (SMAQ), and the Male Body Ideal Distress Scale (MBIDS), and to evaluate the factor structure of each of these translated scales. A sample of 878 men completed translated versions of each of the scales, a previously translated Portuguese version of the Body Appreciation Scale, and demographic measures. Confirmatory factor analysis, using unweighted least square estimation and listwise deletion, was used to determine the scales' factorial structures. Results showed that the Portuguese DMS and MBIDS had similar factor structures as their parent versions, whereas the SMAQ had a three-factor structure that diverged from its parent scale. Adequate internal reliability coefficients and evidence of construct validity was established for all three scales. These translated scales provide useful tools for quantitative investigations of men's body image in the Brazilian context and expand the possibility of future cross-cultural research.

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and

Body checking is considered an expression of an excessive preoccupation with appearance. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Body Checking Questionnaire (BCQ). Additionally, we wanted to examine the questionnaire’s associations with body avoidance behaviour, body mass index, dietary habits, and the intensity, frequency, and length of physical exercise. Finally, we also examined the differences between the total BCQ score and the individual BCQ factor scores. Differences between active and sedentary persons and between non-dieters and those on weight-loss diets were also analyzed. For the psychometric study, 546 female public university students from four different courses were surveyed. Two minor samples of university students and eating disorders women were also recruited. In the second part of the study, 403 women were recruited from weight-loss programs, gyms, and a university. All participants were verbally invited to participate in the research and voluntarily took part. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the original model of the Brazilian BCQ that retained all 23 items. Satisfactory evidence of construct validity and internal consistency were also generated through analysis of factor loadings, t-values, Cronbach’s alpha, and construct reliability tests. The results also showed associations among body checking and body avoidance, body satisfaction, social anxiety, body mass index, and the frequency and intensity of physical exercise. Significant differences were found between non-dieters and weight-loss dieters for all BCQ factors and the total BCQ score. For physically active and sedentary persons, a significant difference was only observed for idiosyncratic checking behaviour. In conclusion, the BCQ appears to be a valid and reliable scale for Brazilian research, and the associations and differences found in this study suggest that women at gyms and especially in weight-loss programs should be targeted for future body checking studies.

108Campana ANNB et al. Associations and differences between men and women on the acceptance of cosmetic plastic surgery in BrazilAssociações e diferenças entre homens e mulheres na aceitação de cirurgia plástica estética no Brasil ABSTRACT Background: Brazil ranks third among all countries in the number of cosmetic plastic sur gery procedures performed per year. The objective of this study was to examine the re lationship between acceptance of plastic surgery and bodily satisfaction, internalization of media messages, and other psychosocial variables in a convenience sample of male and female Brazilian adults. Methods: Non-probabilistic sampling was used to select a sample (n = 198) of an equal number of men and women for voluntary participation. All participants completed 5 study instruments that collected data used to perform correlation and variance analyses at a 95% level of significance. Results: A significant association between acceptance of cosmetic plastic surgery and the variables of internalization of media messages and bodily appreciation was found in both sexes. A significant association between acceptance of cosmetic plastic surgery and life satisfaction was found only in women. Except for differences regarding the decision to undergo surgery after having considered the risks, no other differences regarding the acceptance of cosmetic plastic surgery in general were found between men and women. Conclusions: Despite the small sample examined in this study, the findings largely accord with international observations and are expected to contribute to further understanding of the demand for cosmetic plastic surgery in Brazil.Keywords: Surgery, plastic. Propaganda. Personal satisfaction. RESUMO Introdução: O Brasil é o terceiro país no mundo em número de cirurgias plásticas estéticas.O objetivo deste estudo é verificar as correlações entre a aceitação de cirurgia plástica, a satisfação com o corpo e a internalização de mensagens midiáticas e outras variáveis psicossociais em uma amostra de adultos brasileiros, de ambos os sexos. Método: A amostragem foi não-probabilística, voluntária, composta por 198 pessoas, sendo 50% mulheres, que responderam os 5 instrumentos desta pesquisa. Na análise dos dados, foram usados testes de correlação e variância, com significância de 95%. Resultados: Há correlações significantes entre aceitação de cirurgia plástica estética, internalização da mídia e apreciação corporal, em ambos os sexos. A aceitação de cirurgia plástica estética correlaciona-se com a satisfação com a vida apenas entre as mulheres. Não há diferenças entre os sexos quanto à aceitação de cirurgia plástica estética de uma forma geral, apenas especificamente quanto à decisão de se submeter a cirurgia após análise dos riscos. Conclusões: Os dados da amostra apontam convergência com observações internacionais e, apesar da amostra restrita, espera-se contribuir para a compreensão ampliada da procura de cirurgia plástica estética em nosso País.Descritores: Cirurgia plástica. Propaganda. Satisfação pessoal.

The body image is an important aspect to be considered during the treatment of women with breast cancer. Therefore, we understand the importance of the quality of an instrument that evaluates this condition. The instrument validated in this study can bring new possibilities of studying the effects of cancer treatments on body image. Validation of the questionnaire, translation, cultural adaptation and pre-tests were done with women with breast cancer residents of the States of Alagoas, Pernambuco and São Paulo. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) demonstrated that the original model of the instrument is valid, reliable and can be an important tool for identifying the impact of breast cancer on body image of women with this health condition, allowing adjustments in clinical treatment, psychological support and actions of other professionals involved in the treatment.

ResumoIncitar à reflexão sobre promoção da resiliência no contexto escolar por meio da intervenção intencional do professor de Educação Física é a principal proposta deste ensaio. Para alcançar este propósito, as autoras apoiaram-se em informações científicas já publicadas e em suas próprias observações, oriundas de suas práticas docentes. O presente ensaio inicia-se apresentando a perspectiva psicossomática do desenvolvimento da imagem corporal, uma informação preliminar necessária para a argumentação posterior, na qual conceituamos trauma e resiliência e apontamos argumentos que preconizam o exercício físico e as experiências corporais como fontes de compensação longitudinal para lacunas na identidade corporal. Nossa argumentação se finaliza diferenciando situações de perpetuação do trauma emocional e de desenvolvimento da identidade corporal, apontando o professor de Educação Física como um tutor de resiliência por excelência.Palavras-chave: Educação Física; resiliência; imagem corporal. Body image, trauma and resilience: a reflection on the role of the physical education teacher AbstractThe main aim of this essay is to stimulate the reflection on the promotion of resilience in school mediated by the intervention of the physical educator in school. We base our arguments on previous scientific evidences as well as on our own observations derived from our teaching experience. Initially we presented the psychosomatic perspective for body identity development. This is necessary preliminary information for further argumentation. We conceptualize trauma and resilience and argue that physical activities and experiences are sources for longitudinal compensation for gaps on body identity. Our argumentation ends with the differentiation between trauma perpetuation and body identity development. We suggest that physical education teachers are resilience tutor par excellence.Keywords: Physical education; resilience; body image. Imagen corporal, trauma y resiliencia: reflexiones sobre el papel del profesor de Educación Física ResumenIncitar a la reflexión sobre promoción de la resiliencia en el contexto escolar por intermedio de la intervención intencional del profesor de Educación Física es la principal propuesta de este ensayo. Para alcanzar este propósito, las autoras se apoyaron en informaciones científicas ya publicadas y en sus propias observaciones, oriundas de sus prácticas docentes. El presente ensayo se inicia presentando la perspectiva sicosomática del desarrollo de la imagen corporal, una información preliminar necesaria para la argumentación posterior, en la cual se conceptúa trauma y resiliencia y se apunta argumentos que preconizan el ejercicio físico y las experiencias corporales como fuentes de compensación longitudinal para lagunas en la identidad corporal. Nuestra argumentación se finaliza diferenciando situaciones de perpetuación del trauma emocional y de desarrollo de la identidad corporal, apuntando el profesor de Educación Física como un tutor de resiliencia por excelencia.Palabras-clave: Educación ...

A modelagem de Equações Estruturais é uma técnica estatística multivariada que permite avaliar, simultaneamente, relações entre múltiplos construtos. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os princípios desta abordagem, seus elementos, características, etapas de execução e limitações. Por fim, apresentamos perspectivas futuras e possibilidades de uso da técnica nas pesquisas em Educação Física.Palavras-chave: modelos de equações estruturais, análise de dados multivariados, educação física Structural Equations Modeling: Presentation of a multivariate statistical approach to research in Physical EducationStructural equation modeling is a multivariate statistical technique for assessing, simultaneously, relationships between multiple constructs. The aim of this paper is to present the principles of this approach, its elements, its characteristics, its stages of implementation and its limitations. Finally, we present future perspectives and possibilities of applying this statistical technique in studies of Physical Education.