Within the Framework of the EU initiative 'Benchmarking Europe's Industrial Competitiveness', a project benchmarking industryscience relations (ISR) was carried out covering eight EU countries, the USA and Japan. In these countries ISR were compared in order to assess the role of framework conditions in the interaction between industry (private businessenterprise sector) and science (higher-education institutions and public-sector research establishments), and to recommend areas for policy improvement. Benchmarking ISR focuses on identifying good practices in shaping ISRrelevant framework conditions given the specific features of a national innovation system. The paper presents the methodology employed and the main findings.

The aim of this study was to investigate equipment availability and current diagnostic strategies for suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) in Austrian hospitals. A questionnaire was sent to the medical directors of all Austrian hospitals with emergency and/or surgical, orthopedic, and medical departments. The questionnaire contained questions regarding the available equipment suitable for the imaging diagnosis of PE, the first-line and second-line imaging tests for patients with suspected PE, and additional lower extremity venous imaging and laboratory tests that complement the diagnostic armamentarium. The return rate for questionnaires was 81% (127 of 157 hospitals). There were 97% of hospitals that had the equipment to perform sonography, 59% could perform pulmonary angiography, 54% spiral CT, 19% ventilation/perfusion (V/P) scintigraphy, and 4% perfusion scintigraphy alone. Spiral-CT angiography (SCTA) was the first-line imaging study for suspected PE in 56% of hospitals, followed by echocardiography and V/P scintigraphy. Lower extremity venous imaging (47%) and, interestingly, V/P scintigraphy (43%), served as second-line imaging tests. D-dimer tests were included in the diagnostic strategy in 74% of hospitals. Spiral-CT angiography is the most commonly used primary method for suspected PE in Austrian hospitals. The V/P scintigraphy is available only in a minority of hospitals to investigate patients with suspected PE. When V/P scintigraphy is available, however, it is employed in a large number of patients per annum.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract