No abstract

No abstract

Association between motherhood postponement and socioeconomic statusBackground: Delayed motherhood is a common phenomenon in the developed world, where the age at first delivery is around 30 years. In Chile the National Institute of Statistics established that this age has remained around 23 years for more than two decades. Motherhood postponement may be modulated by socioeconomic status. Aim: To determine whether the age at first delivery is higher in a private clinic compared to a public hospital.

Introducción: La obesidad infantil representa un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Chile presenta una de las tasas más altas de prevalencia de obesidad infantil de Latinoamérica. Localmente, hay pocos estudios que muestran las diferencias entre colegios públicos y privados en relación a parámetros de peso, talla y perímetro de cintura en escolares. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si existen diferencias antropométricas de niños de 5 y 6 años según el tipo de colegio. Material y Métodos:Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal. Se constituyó una muestra no probabilística de 195 niños de 5 y 6 años, de los cuales 55 corresponden a colegio público y 140 a colegio privado.Resultados: En la valoración antropométrica de niños entre 5 y 6 años de colegios públicos y privados, las diferencias de los escolares en peso y talla en ambas edades no fueron estadísticamente significativas (p>0,05); sin embargo, en la población en conjunto, sin diferenciar en edades, fueron estadísticamente significativas en la talla (p<0,05). Los valores de IMC para 5 y 6 años se encuentran bajo los puntos de corte de obesidad definidos internacionalmente y las diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas entre colegio público y privado (p<0,05). En perímetro de cintura, los escolares de colegios públicos tuvieron más escolares sobre el percentil 90, catalogado como obesidad abdominal. Sin embargo, estas diferencias encontradas no fueron estadísticamente significativas (p>0,05). Conclusiones:Se evidenció menor talla (p<0,05), mayor peso y mayor perímetro de cintura en escolares de colegio público en relación a privado, sin embrago dado la baja participación de colegios y diferencia de tamaño muestreal en ambos grupos, estas diferencias deben ser interpretadas con cautela.

Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumour in adult humans. Therapeutic resistance and tumour recurrence after surgical removal contribute to poor prognosis for glioblastoma patients. Men are known to be more likely than women to develop an aggressive form of GB, and differences in sex steroids have emerged as a leading explanation for this finding. Studies indicate that the metabolism and proliferation of GB‐derived cells are increased by sex steroids, the expression of androgen receptors (ARs) and the synthesis of androgens and oestrogens, suggesting that these hormones have a role in the tumour pathogenesis. The expression of aromatase, the enzyme that converts androgens to oestrogens, has been reported in glial cells and GB cell lines. Thus, it was necessary to test whether the steroidogenic enzymes involved in androgen synthesis are expressed in GB cells. Therefore, here, we investigated the expression of four key enzymes involved in androgen synthesis in human‐derived GB cells. U87 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium plus foetal bovine serum and antibiotics on slides for immunocytochemistry or immunofluorescence. U87, LN229 and C6 cells were also cultured in multi‐well chambers to obtain proteins for Western blotting. We used primary antibodies against 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β‐HSD), 17α‐hydroxilase/17,20‐lyase (P450c17), 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β‐HSD) and 5α‐reductase. Immunocytochemistry, and immunofluorescence results revealed that glioblastoma cells express 3β‐HSD, P450c17, 17β‐HSD and 5α‐reductase proteins in their cytoplasm. Moreover, Western blot analyses revealed bands corresponding to the molecular weight of these four enzymes in the three GB cell lines. Thus, glioblastoma cells have the key enzymatic machinery necessary to synthesize androgens, and these enzymes might be useful targets for new therapeutic approaches.

No abstract

Fariz is hotel located in a strategic place near airport and culinary spot.Currently the management of Fariz hotel do not think foreign tourist as a target market. Fariz hotel still lacks some resource to do an international promotion. Fariz hotel currently using online application and website to promote their service. Their current customer mainly is tour and travel or a company. Fariz hotel potencies are its strategic location and affordable price. The team suggested a promotion program using Malang Flower Carnival as the theme. The program is a bundle package that use Malang Flower Carnival attractiveness to catch foreign tourist interest. This program is not only promote Fariz hotel but also promote Indonesian culture.Malaysia, China, and Australia are countries which both interested in Indonesian culture and have the most tourist visiting Indonesia. That countries are the main target for this promotion program. Fariz hotel management are agreed to do international marketing as long as the marketing program is makes sense and suitable with the current Fariz hotel situations. The team suggest that Fariz hotel should improve the English of their human resource, focusing their target segment, and participate in promoting Malang Flower Carnival.

No abstract