A high percentage of the population do not consume fruits, vegetables and plain water daily.

recomendables y no recomendables para consumo cotidianoy su asociación con características sociodemográficas enpoblación mexicana. Material y métodos. Informacióntomada de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19, utilizando un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumode alimentos. Se estimaron cuartiles de consumo de sietegrupos de alimentos por grupo poblacional. Se analizó laasociación del consumo con tipo de localidad, región y tercilesde condición de bienestar (ICB). Resultados. Pertenecera localidades urbanas, región norte e ICB medio y alto seasoció con mayor posibilidad de estar en los cuartiles másaltos de consumo de huevo y lácteos y carnes procesadas,mientras que la región sur se asoció con mayor consumo deleguminosas y bebidas endulzadas. Conclusión. En el surde México se consume más frutas, pero menos leguminosas,huevo y lácteos, mientras que en localidades urbanas seconsume más carnes procesadas, botanas, dulces y postres.

Dietary energy density (DED) has been widely considered a risk factor for weight gain. In adolescents, however, the evidence is inconclusive, and in Mexico, the ways in which DED is associated with overweight and obesity are unknown. Our study analysed the association of DED with overweight or obesity (OW-O) in Mexican adolescents included in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (ENSANUT 2012). We analysed the data from a 7-day Food Frequency Questionnaire administered to 2,203 Mexican adolescents aged 12-19 years. DED was calculated excluding all beverages. Plausible and implausible reporters were identified based on the relationship between the reported energy intake and the estimated energy requirement. The association of DED with body mass index (BMI)-for-age and OW-O was analysed using multivariate statistical models restricted to plausible reporters. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 35.4% in the complete sample and 27.8% in the sample of plausible reporters. Mean DED was 177 kcal/100 g, with higher DED in the north of the country. The proportion of plausible reporters was 38.5%. We found a positive association between high DED and the BMI-for-age z-score (β = 0.347; 95% CI [0.101, 0.594]; P = 0.006), controlling for sociodemographic and dietary variables, but no significant association with OW-O. It is necessary to consider the DED in the design and implementation of strategies to reduce energy density in the diets of young Mexicans.

Dietary energy density (DED) has been identified as a crucial dietary factor in body weight control, in that higher DED has been associated with weight gain. To our knowledge, no review studies have explained this association specifically in adolescents. The aim of this study was to describe the association of DED with overweight or obesity (OW/O) in adolescents, as derived from observational studies. We conducted a systematic search of the MEDLINE/PubMed and Science Direct databases, including studies published between January 2000 and December 2017. We selected the studies that included adolescents (aged 10–19 years) and contained DED-related information and anthropometric measurements of OW/O. From 1149 candidate studies, 30 were selected, though only 12 met all the inclusion criteria. Of these, only four found a positive association between DED and certain OW/O indicators, six found no association and two showed an inverse association with weight gain. These studies differed in several aspects such as design, DED calculation method and dietary assessment tool, leading to inconsistent results. Methodological differences found among the examined studies did not allow us to establish a clear conclusion of this association. Evidence in adolescents was also poor. New, standardized methodological approaches should be considered in future studies.

Objectives To describe trends in the proportion of key food groups (KFG) for public health consumption among low income Mexican women (LIMW). Methods From National Surveys of Health and Nutrition a sample of 655 LIMW in 2012, 1158 in 2016 and 2835 in 2018 was analyzed. From a food frequency questionnaire, foods and beverages were classified into 13 KFG: fruits, vegetables, legumes, meats, poultry and fish, plain water, egg and dairy products, cured meats, fast food and fried Mexican snacks, salty snacks, candies and desserts, sweetened cereals, sweetened beverages and sweetened dairy beverages. Consumption was defined if a KFG was consumed at least 10 grams/day and 3 days/week, 7 days/week was the criterion for fruits, vegetables and plain water. The proportion of LIMW that consumed each KFG was compared through time. Results There were greater decreases in the proportion of LIMW which consumed salty snacks, candies and desserts, sweetened cereals and cured meats, egg and dairy products. Moderate reductions were found in sweetened beverages, legumes and meats, poultry and fish. Less than 40% of LIMW consumed fruits and less than 30% vegetables, with no changes. Approximately 15% of LIMW did not drink water daily. (Table 1). Conclusions Important decreases in consumption of KFG in LIMW were found. Further research is needed in order to understand which factors could be related with those changes. Funding Sources Mexican Ministry of Health. National Coordination of "PROSPERA" Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs