ObjectiveIsoquinoline Alkaloids, derived from one plant (Macleaya cordata) can be an alternative when it is desired to increase performance in feedlot cattle. However, results on these nutritional additives in high energy diets in ruminants are still incipient in literature. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate performance and carcass traits of feedlot bulls supplemented with sanguinarine, the main alkaloid presents in Macleaya cordata in high energy density diets.MethodsThirty-two crossbred Angus-Nelore bulls with mean initial body weight of 365±10 kg and mean initial age of 11±3 months were used. The experiment lasted 119 days, with 14 days of adaptation and 105 experimental days. Experimental diet consisted of 85% whole corn grains and 15% protein-vitamin-mineral nucleus and supplied ad libitum. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CON) and a diet with sanguinarine supplementation (SAN) at a dosage of 4 g of product sufficient to provide 6 mg of sanguinarine/d. Experimental design was completely randomized.ResultsDry matter intake, average daily gain and feed conversion were similar (p>0.05) between treatments. However, SAN group animals had higher carcass yield (p = 0.045) and were more efficient in the transformation of dry matter consumed in carcass gain (p = 0.046) than CON. In addition, haptoglobin, increased throughout feedlot duration meaning high challenge for the animals due to the diet, but this behavior was similar (p>0.05) between treatments.ConclusionSanguinarine produced positive results in relation to carcass yield and could be used as an additive for bulls fed diets receiving high energy density diet.
O trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar a produtividade, a composição morfológica e bromatológica, bem como a taxa de desaparecimento ruminal da matéria seca (MS) da silagem de milho (Zea mays) cultivado sob níveis crescentes de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura. Na semeadura do milho foi aplicado diretamente no sulco de plantio 500 kg ha-1 de adubo com a formulação 12-31-17 (NPK) para todos os tratamentos, e em estágio fenológico V5 foi realizada a adubação em cobertura diferenciada, utilizando as seguintes dosagens: T1, 135,0 kg de N ha-1 (NPK: 27-00-00); T2, 175,5 kg de N ha-1 (NPK: 27-00-00); e T3, 225,5 kg de N ha-1 (NPK: 27-00-00). O aumento da dose de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura proporcionou um menor número de folhas secas no momento da colheita. Além disso, a maior dose de nitrogênio lançada em cobertura (225,5 kg ha-1) proporcionou uma fração fibrosa de maior digestibilidade em relação aos demais tratamentos (73,29%). A dose de 175,5 kg de N ha-1 proporcionou plantas com melhor taxa de degradabilidade ruminal (0,99% hora-1) e quilos de matéria seca digestíveis por área (15081 kg MS ha-1), enquanto a menor dose utilizada (135,0 kg ha-1) gerou os melhores níveis de FDN (55,76%), FDA (25,75%) e CNF+EE (34,66%) sem afetar a produtividade e a composição morfológica da planta. Os resultados do presente trabalho implicam dizer que a cultura do milho responde de maneira diferente conforme o aumento dos níveis de nitrogênio utilizado em cobertura, onde, cada nível traz benefícios distintos em relação a qualidade bromatológica.
This study aimed to evaluate the performance, apparent digestibility of diet, ingestive behavior which occurred in two moments, carcass traits, being evaluated constituent and non-carcass components, and also the effect the yeast culture could promote in the peripheral temperature of rumen, hull and body temperature. The diets consisted of a constant ratio of 50% forage (maize silage) and 50% concentrate. Thirty-six steers, ½ Angus Nelore, with average age of 11 months and average initial body weight of 339.5±10kg were used in the experiment. The inclusion of yeast culture promoted a higher daily dry matter intake (8.83 vs 9.35kg day-1) and, consequently, a better daily weight gain (1,143 vs. 1,325kg day-1) in the initial feedlot phase, with no difference in other periods. The apparent digestibility of the diet containing yeast culture was higher than the control diet (69.69 versus 68.32%, respectively), and its use did not interfere with the feeding behavior of the animals. Based on our findings, supplementation with yeast culture may bring positive results in the initial feedlot phase.
RESUMO - O objetivo foi avaliar a produção de biomassa e a composição física e química da planta de três híbridosde milho simples (P2530H, P30R50H e P30B39H) associadas a três densidades de plantio (60, 70 e 80 mil plantas ha-1) e três locais de cultivo (Local A, B e C). De forma isolada, as maiores produções de biomassa seca e de grãos, respectivamente, foram observadas na densidade de 80 mil plantas ha-1 (30.067 e 14.020 kg ha-1) e no local C (30.157 e 13.895 kg ha-1). Com relação aos híbridos estudados, houve influência do local de cultivo em que o híbrido P2530H foi superior para produção de biomassa seca e de grãos nos locais A e C (28.600 e 31.485 kg ha-1) e o híbrido P30B39H no local B (30.356 e 14.760 kg ha-1). Quanto à avaliação bromatológica, o local B gerou os maiores teores de proteína bruta (7,00%), matéria mineral (2,74%), fibra em detergente neutro (65,33%) e fibra em detergente ácido (36,10%), enquanto obteve os menores teores de nutrientes digestíveis totais (62,57%), comparado aos locais A e C (65,85 e 65,47%, respectivamente). De maneira geral, a densidade de cultivo não alterou os valores nutricionais das silagens dos diferentes híbridos de milho e locais de cultivo. Palavras-chave: altitude de cultivo, produção de biomassa seca, fibra em detergente neutro, NDT. HYBRID PERFORMANCE FOR MAIZE SILAGE CULTIVATED IN DIFFERENT PLACES WITH THREE POPULATION DENSITIESABSTRACT - The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of three maize hybrids (P2530H, P30R50H e P30B39H) with three population densities (60, 70, and 80 000 plants ha-1) in three grown locations (A, B e C). In isolation, the greater dry biomass and grain yield, respectively, were observed in the density of 80,000 plants ha-1 (30,067 and 14,020 kg ha-1) and place C (30,157 and 13,895 kg ha-1). Regarding the hybrid, there was a direct influence of the local cultivation, and hybrid P2530H had the higher dry biomass and grain production in the location A and C (28,600 and 31,485 kg ha-1), and the hybrid P30B39H on location B (30,356 and 14,760 kg ha-1). In the bromatological assessment, the location B obtained the highest CP (7.00%), MM (2.74%), NDF (65.33%) and ADF content (36.10%), while it had the lower levels of TDN (62.57%) compared to locations A and C (65.85 and 65.47%, respectively). In general, the plant density did not change the silage nutritional values in maize hybrids associated with different places. Keywords: sowing altitude, dry biomass, neutral detergent fiber, TDN.
he objective of this study was to evaluate the production and physical composition of three maize hybrids (Zea mays, L.) for silage production at six maturity stages. The hybrids evaluated were Maximus VIP3, Defender VIP and Feroz VIP. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with four replicates. The mean plant heights observed at harvest time (2.33 m, 2.45 m and 2.40 m) demonstrated that all materials were medium-sized hybrids. A positive correlation was observed between plant height and height of the ear insertion, varying from 0.86 for the Feroz VIP hybrid to 0.88 for the Maximus VIP3 hybrid, but these two variants had no correlation with the productivity data. There was a significant difference for the production of fresh biomass at the R1, R2 and R5 stages, with Maximus VIP3 obtaining the highest yields. The proportion of grains in the physical composition of plant varied between hybrids, where Maximus VIP3 and Defender VIP (482.2 and 461.7 g kg-1, respectively) were superior to Feroz VIP (429.7 g kg-1). With the advancement of maturity, there was a decreasing linear behavior for stem and leaf participation, with reductions of 3.8 g kg-1 and 4.5 g kg-1, respectively, per day (R2 = 0.79 and 0.80, respectively), quadratic behavior for bracts and corncob and a linear increase in grain participation in the plant structure, with an increase of 7.7 g kg-1 per day (R2 = 0.88). In general, the three hybrids present good characteristics for silage production and permit harvesting in the hard grain stage, allowing the addition of starch in relation to the farinaceous grain stage.
Performance, carcass characteristics and ingestive behaviorof steers fed with silages of different maize hybrids [Desempenho, características da carcaça e comportamento ingestivo de novilhos alimentados com silagens de diferentes híbridos de milho] ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass characteristics and ingestive behavior of feedlot steers fed with three maize hybrids: Maximus VIP3, Defender VIP and Feroz VIP. The experiment lasted 112 days, weighing animals four times, every 28 days. The experimental diets were formulated and constituted by maize silage and pelletized ration in a 50:50 ratio (dry basis). Regardless of the hybrid used, there was an increase in the intake of dry matter with the advance in feedlot evaluation period (9.15, 9.14, 9.35 and 9.59kg day -1 , in the first, second, third and fourth weighing, respectively). The type of maize hybrid silage influenced weight gain of animals differently, with a final mean of 1.413kg for animals fed with Maximus VIP3, 1,375kg for those fed with Defender VIP and 1,184kg for those fed with Feroz VIP. The animals fed with Feroz VIP hybrid silage showed higher carcass gain efficiency and were more active in the number of times they went to the feeder. Although the three evaluated hybrids resulted in good animal performance, the carcass characteristics did not change; nevertheless, the hybrid Maximus VIP3 is recommended for its superior bromatological composition. RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar desempenho, características da carcaça e comportamento ingestivo de novilhos terminados em confinamento alimentados com silagens dos híbridos de milho: Maximus VIP3, Defender VIP e Feroz VIP. O experimento teve duração de 112 dias, sendo quatro pesagens a cada 28 dias. As dietas experimentais foram formuladas e constituídas por silagem de milho e ração peletizada em proporção de 50:50, na base seca. Independentemente do híbrido utilizado, houve aumento conforme avanço na fase de terminação (9,15; 9,14; 9,35 e 9,59kg dia-1, na primeira, segunda, terceira e quarta pesagens, respectivamente). A distinção da silagem de milho determinou diferença no ganho de peso dos animais, com média final de 1,413kg para os animais tratados com Maximus VIP3, 1,375kg para os tratados com Defender VIP e 1,184 para aqueles alimentados com Feroz VIP. Os animais alimentados com silagem do híbrido Feroz VIP apresentaram maior eficiência de ganho de carcaça e foram mais ativos ao número de vezes em ir ao comedouro. Apesar dos três híbridos avaliados proporcionarem bons resultados relacionados ao desempenho animal, as características da carcaça não sofreram alterações; mesmo assim, recomenda-se o híbrido Maximus VIP3 por sua superioridade bromatológica. Palavras-chave: bromatologia, fases de confinamento, ganho de peso, híbridos silageiros, Zea mays L Recebido em 21 de setembro de 2018 Aceito em 29 de dezembro de 2018
Monensin is an ionophore antibiotic, the inclusion of which in the feed of beef cattle favors the best use of feed nutrients, via ruminal modulation. However, there are concerns regarding the residence of residues in the carcass from metabolism of monensin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performance, carcass characteristics, serum parameters, tissue residual depletion and economic benefit of finishing of young bulls in confinement with monensin in the ration. Thirtysix animals were confined, and given 50% corn silage feed and 50% more concentrated feed. The experimental design was completely randomized, with two treatments (with or without monensin) and 10 replicates for the control group and eight for the monensin group. The use of monensin reduced the dry matter intake in relation to live weight (2.36% vs 2.55%), and improved feed conversion (8.61 vs 10.06 kg kg −1 ); the animals presented higher live weight (511 vs 494 kg), higher warm carcass weight (285 vs 272 kg) and an increase in fat thickness (4.97 vs 4.25 mm) compared to control animals. These increases in performance gave higher economic results, with a profit margin of R$ 122.84 per animal. A waiting period of 16 h before slaughter resulted in monensin concentrations below 0.25 µg kg −1 in edible organs and tissues, values well below those permitted by legislation. The use of monensin for young bulls in confinement promoted improvements in productive and economic performance, without leaving residues in edible tissues. ResumoA monensina é um antibiótico ionóforo, cuja inclusão na alimentação de bovinos de corte favorece o melhor aproveitamento dos nutrientes da ração, via modulação ruminal. Porém há preocupações no que tange a permanência de resíduos na carcaça, provenientes da metabolização da monensina. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho produtivo, as características de carcaça, os parâmetros séricos, a depleção residual tecidual e a economicidade da terminação de tourinhos em confinamento com monensina na ração. Foram confinados 36 animais com ração 50% de silagem de milho mais 50% concentrado. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 2 tratamentos (com ou sem monensina) e 10 repetições para o grupo controle e 8 para o grupo com monensina. O uso de monensina reduziu o consumo de matéria seca em relação ao peso vivo (2,36 vs 2,55%), melhorou a conversão alimentar (8,61 vs 10,06 kg kg -1 ), os animais apresentaram maior peso vivo (511 vs 494 kg), maior peso de carcaça quente (285 vs 272 kg) e aumento na espessura de gordura (4,97 vs 4,25 mm) comparativamente aos animais da ração controle. Tais acréscimos em desempenho conferiram maiores resultados econômicos, com margem de lucro de R$ 122,84 por animal. O período de carência de 16 horas antes do abate apresentou concentrações de monensina inferiores a 0,25 µg kg -1 nos órgãos e tecidos comestíveis, valores muito abaixo dos permitidos na legislação. O uso de monensina para tourinhos em confinamento promoveu melhorias no desempenho produt...
Effect of monensin sodium associative to virginiamycin and/or essential oils on the performance of feedlot finished steersEfeito associativo da monensina sódica à virginiamicina e/ou óleos essenciais sobre o desempenho de novilhos terminados em confinamento respectively in the same weightings. The daily carcass gain and carcass overall gain were higher in associations MO+VI and MO+EO+VI and provided an average gain of 16.67 kg more compared to MO and MO+EO. In the parameters feed efficiency, dry matter intake and nutrient expressed in kg day -1 and percentage of live weight were not observed differences (P> 0.05) between treatments. Data on apparent digestibility, feeding behavior and carcass characteristics did not show statistical difference between treatment, except for fat thickness which was higher when associated with any of the additives to the MO, and farm weight was higher in associations containing VI. Associating MO+VI or MO+EO+VI proved to be best in this work compared to MO+EO or only MO in the diets of steers in termination. Key words: Ionophores. Antibiotics. Plant extracts. Performance enhancers. Os dados referentes à digestibilidade aparente, comportamento ingestivo e características de carcaça também não apresentaram diferença estatística entre os tratamentos, exceto para espessura de gordura que foi superior quando associado qualquer um dos aditivos à MO, e peso de fazenda que foi superior nas associações que continham VI. A associação de MO+VI ou MO+OE+VI mostraram-se melhores no presente trabalho em relação a MO+OE ou somente MO nas rações dos novilhos em terminação. Palavras-chave: Ionóforos. Antibióticos. Extratos vegetais. Melhoradores de desempenho.
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