Arguably, other forms of autonomy also exist than territorial autonomy with law-making powers, such as personal autonomy, cultural autonomy and functional autonomy as well as autonomies with administrative or regulatory powers. The existence of such diff erent forms of autonomy should be kept in mind when the term ‘autonomy’ is used and the context of the usage of the term should be made clear. In addition, the interface between territorial autonomy with law-making powers on the one hand, and federal organization on the other is explored, the point being that a more coherent theoretical approach to territorial autonomy on the one hand and federalism on the other should be developed.
Th e paper presents a geographical and historical overview of the Territory Nunavut (Canada) established in 1999 and inhabited by a majority of Inuit People. Th e author outlines the process that led to the conclusion of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement and the current structure of the government of Nunavut, which can best be described as a form of Inuit self-government. Th e main objective of the paper consists in an overview and analysis of current socio-economic challenges faced by the government of Nunavut. Based on the visions of the Bathurst Mandate , the author attempts to assess the success of the 'Nunavut Project'.Th e author concludes that because of Nunavut's weak economy and fi scal dependency on the central federal government of Canada, the numerous socio-economic challenges have not been resolved. Th e Nunavut experiment has not yet been proven a success. Th e prosperous vision, expressed through the Bathurst Mandate , of a viable Nunavut seems for now just an illusion.
The author presents a survey of writings on Nunavut since 1976. The paper focuses on a critical literature review of scholarly works centred on geopolitical boundaries and on Inuit collective identity in the Canadian Central and Eastern Arctic. The author proposes a theoretical model that outlines the interconnection between borders, symbols and collective identity. The model shows that Inuit collective identity is being redefined in Nunavut. It is argued that the land claims / self-government processes in Canada, aimed at creating large-scale political units such as Nunavut, are contributing to the reconstruction of collective identity among Inuit groups.
Le 1er avril 2009, le gouvernement du Nunavut a fêté son dixième anniversaire d’existence. La naissance du Nunavut fut le résultat de plus de 20 ans de négociations entre le gouvernement fédéral du Canada et les Inuits de l’Arctique de l’est. L’un des objectifs visé par la création du gouvernement du Nunavut fut de permettre au peuple inuit de contrôler son programme politique afin de mieux gérer les défis socio-économiques de la société inuite à l’approche du 21ième siècle. Toutefois, après dix ans d’existence du gouvernement, force est de constater que le bilan de la situation socio-économique est plutôt sombre. Néanmoins, tous les espoirs ne sont pas perdus. Le Nunavut bénéficie de la plus forte croissance économique annuelle au Canada; de plus, certaines initiatives prises récemment par le gouvernement du Nunavut, dont notamment la réforme scolaire, la construction de logements sociaux supplémentaires, la mise en œuvre d’une loi visant à protéger la langue inuite, nous porte à croire que le Nunavut pourra prendre un virage positif à plus long terme. En somme, le Nunavut est encore jeune; il devra apprendre à grandir en affrontant ses défis socio-économiques
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