Canada's Experiment with Aboriginal Self-Determination in Nunavut: From Vision to Illusion

Légaré, André

doi:10.1163/157181108x332659

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…It is also known that communities dependent on resource extraction labour face massive public health problems and the disruption of communal activities (Goldenberg et al 2010). Promises of economic improvement made subsequent to other land claims agreements such as Nunavut have proved erroneous (Légaré 2008; Wright 2014, 212–14).…”

Section: The Leveraging Role Of Wealth Creation and Debtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canada’s Strategy of Dispossession: Aboriginal Land and Rights Cessions in Comprehensive Land Claims

Samson

2016

Can. j. law soc.

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This paper offers a sociological interpretation of the Canadian Comprehensive Land Claims (CLC) process, arguing that CLC is a strategy used by the state to dispossess Aboriginal peoples. CLC does this through leveraging the cession of Aboriginal rights and the relinquishing of indigenous lands. Drawing upon the ongoing Innu Nation Tshash Petapen (‘New Dawn’) agreement, I examine four related aspects of the process and the agreement which operate to dispossess the Innu: (1) the undemocratic social and political contexts in which agreement is elicited, (2) the depletion of Aboriginal rights of the indigenous party, (3) the depletion of indigenous lands, and (4) the creation of wealth and debt. Finally, I will interpret these processes as building on social changes inflicted on the Innu. These are characterized by imposed law and the state of exception.

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Section: The Leveraging Role Of Wealth Creation and Debtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canada’s Strategy of Dispossession: Aboriginal Land and Rights Cessions in Comprehensive Land Claims

Samson

2016

Can. j. law soc.

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“…This arrangement ties them very closely to provincial and territorial departments and agencies and limits their ability to exercise political and economic autonomy. By comparison, Nunavut, which is a standalone territory within the Canadian federation, has a greater degree political autonomy, but its ability to fully exercise this autonomy is compromised by a number of factors including its strong fiscal dependency on the federal government (Legaré, 2008).…”

Section: Current and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economy, territory, and identity: A Rokkanian analysis of Indigenous self-determination in Canada and Norway

Selle

Wilson

2022

Polar Record

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Indigenous peoples throughout the circumpolar north have made significant progress in terms of securing self-determination through greater political autonomy. Although such change is important, it must be accompanied by greater economic control aimed at reducing state dependencies. Using an analytical framework developed by Norwegian political scientist, Stein Rokkan, this article explores the interplay between economy, territory, and identity among the Inuit in Canada and the Sámi in Norway. It reveals that the economic destinies of both groups have been profoundly influenced by both domestic and international factors that determine the focus and type of economic development they undertake. While the Inuit have pursued a balance of modern and traditional forms of economic development that is grounded in a regionally based model of self-rule, the Sámi have opted for an economic development model that emphasises traditional economic activities and is supported by Norway’s international commitments to the rights of Indigenous peoples.

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“…Under the terms of the NLCA, the Inuit relinquished “to the Canadian government any Aboriginal rights to the land (i.e., Aboriginal title) in exchange for: (1) exclusive communal ownership over large tracts of land within their traditional territory; (2) financial compensation for lands and resources they have relinquished; and (3) establishment of co‐management public boards to manage all lands within their settlement area” (Légaré , 345). Nunavut owns 18% of the land it encompasses; the rest—a source of country food—is public Crown land.…”

Section: The Ritual Of Nwmb Public Hearingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notes on a caribou hearing: Spatial marginalization through participatory democracy in western Nunavut

Tam

2018

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes

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Key MessagesPublic hearings function as rituals of participatory democracy whereby indigenous actors must establish their legitimacy via Western communication ideals.Environmental communication as data, story, and behaviour in participation exercises reveal shifting cultural ways of knowing and communicating.Spatial marginalization is related to invited participation in place, the distancing effects of place characteristics, and the experience of being out of place.Public hearings, as a communication tool for community engagement, uphold the processes and assumptions of deliberative participation, but the power relations entwined in participation space are often unremarked. The spatiality of participation can serve to marginalize those publics most affected by environmental policy, such as remote communities reliant on subsistence harvesting. Spatial marginalization was evident when the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board invited Hunters and Trappers Organizations from four Kitikmeot communities to caribou hearings in June 2016 to discuss a proposed total allowable harvest. The hearings were held in Cambridge Bay, the administrative centre of the Kitikmeot region, a hamlet in western Nunavut singular in its economic growth and population diversity. In situ observation during the hearings coupled with a content analysis of hearing transcripts and interviews with attendees suggest that decisions on participation space affect access materially because of who can be there in place to participate, and socially because of the place characteristics of participation. Participants can also be constrained by being out of place, cleaved from the affective support of their communities. At the Nunavut caribou hearings, spatial marginalization emerged as a dark side to participatory democracy. Recognizing this marginalization is a condition for overcoming it. The Canadian Geographer Le Géographe canadienThe Canadian Geographer Le Géographe canadien discuter d'une proposition de r ecolte totale autoris ee. Les audiences se sont tenues a Cambridge Bay, le centre administratif de la r egion de Kitikmeot, un hameau dans l'ouest du Nunavut qui se distingue par sa croissance economique et la diversit e de sa population. Des observations sur place lors des audiences combin ees a une analyse du contenu des transcriptions des audiences et a des entrevues avec des participants sugg erent que les d ecisions sur l'espace de participation ont une incidence sur l'acc es, d'une part physiquement en raison de l'identit e des personnes qui peuventêtre l a sur place pour participer et d'autre part socialement en raison des caract eristiques du lieu de la participation. Les participants peuvent egalementêtre gên es parce qu'ils sont d eplac es, etant coup es du soutien affectif de leur communaut e. Lors des audiences sur les caribous au Nunavut, la marginalisation spatiale est apparue comme un côt e obscur de la d emocratie participative. La reconnaissance de cette marginalisation est une condition pour la surmonter.

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Canada's Experiment with Aboriginal Self-Determination in Nunavut: From Vision to Illusion

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Canada’s Strategy of Dispossession: Aboriginal Land and Rights Cessions in Comprehensive Land Claims

Canada’s Strategy of Dispossession: Aboriginal Land and Rights Cessions in Comprehensive Land Claims

Economy, territory, and identity: A Rokkanian analysis of Indigenous self-determination in Canada and Norway

Notes on a caribou hearing: Spatial marginalization through participatory democracy in western Nunavut

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