Watershed Management as part of regional development in Indonesia is facing various complex and interrelated issues. It is indicated by the lack of integration among sectors, agencies, regions and community participation. The increasing frequency of floods, droughts, landslides, and water crisis problems recently shows that watershed management in Indonesia has not been effective yet in enhancing sustainable development. Furthermore, the damage of watersheds is commonly observed from the upstreams only, such as the addition of cultivated land area and massive settlement, so that erosion and sedimentation affect the declining productivity of land and the increasing frequency of water-related disasters. If watersheds are defined as a container of water cycle, then solving its problem by simply rehabilitating the upstreams is not completely right. Government policies on watersheds management need to be reviewed from its initial aspects of science as well, including existing regulations and institutions, so that the contribution and linkage among sectors could be visible. The concept of Integrated Watersheds Management is basically participatory management of multi-stakeholders in conservations and utilization through an ecological concept of interdependency between nature and human beings. This paper aims to explore the effectiveness of watershed management policies in Indonesia in the context of history, regulation, institutions, and policy implementation.

The phenomenon of sustainable forest management failure in Indonesia faces the reality of incompatible economic, social, and environmental approaches. Conventional forest management always assumes that good forests are only managed by the government through concession permit policies to large capital owners that are top-down and accompanied by a minimum condition of community involvement, which should be a key factor. Learning from the experience, Indonesia began to see the concept of social forestry as one of the efforts in the progress of a more sustainable development. Social forestry positions that the party that feels the greatest success or failure from forest management is the community around the forest itself. Communities must obtain the greatest access and incentives to manage forestry businesses as a source of life while preventing damage. In recent years, the agrarian reform program through social forestry is a breakthrough government program that is becoming increasingly demanded by communities. The rights to manage their surrounding lands in accordance with ancestral local wisdom are expected to be able to answer economic and ecological challenges. This paper specifically presents the development of social forestry and its issues and recommendations in the context of national development in Indonesia. The ecological harmony between humans and nature is a consideration of the importance of social forestry as a program to be continuously supported by the government, as well as to prioritize economic aspects in the principle of sustainable development.

Development of the Environment and Forestry (LHK) is essentially carried out in order to increase the carrying capacity of land and the environment. In practice, national development in this field involves the central and regional governments in accordance with their authority and funding capacity. One of the efforts to reduce fiscal inequality and in the context of accelerating national development in the LHK sector, the central government is allocating the Special Allocation Fund (DAK) Physical Assignment. This transfer fund is needed because until 2019, efforts to improve the quality of the environment and the carrying capacity of watersheds and lakes are still not in line with national expectations. This paper attempts to analyze the planning and implementation of the DAK Physical Assignment 2019 from the evaluation of regional development perspective. This study uses a mixed method by using both secondary numerical data (planning documents, achievements and other relevant documents) and primers. Data collection was obtained through FGDs and questionnaires at sample locations. The gap analysis method is used to find gaps in centralregional planning and assess the appropriateness of the allocation of funding received by the province with the development targets outlined in the 2019 RKP. The results of the study found that the suitability of the RKP and RKPD 34 provinces in 2019 with the DAK Physical Assignment 2019 for the Environment and Forestry (LHK) is 22.3%. Allocation of Special Allocation Fund (DAK) Physical Assignment in the Field of Environment and Forestry 2019 does not yet reflect the watershed and lake priority areas as stipulated in Presidential Regulation No. 141/2018. There are still many Provinces that are in the watershed and priority lake but the budget allocation for Special Allocation Fund (DAK) Physical Assignment in the Field of Environment and Forestry is small. Based on the results of filling out the questionnaire, 71% of DAK has been effective in achieving goals / targets, while the remaining 29% is still not optimal. In its implementation, several obstacles were encountered that required further recommendations.

The reduced age function of Sengguruh Dam/Reservoir due to erosion in the upper of Brantas Watershed (Lesti Subwatershed area) interferes with its role in flood control, irrigation water supply and the supply of most of the hydroelectricity in East Java Province, Indonesia. This study aims to estimate erosion, analyze the interrelationship of the causative factors and provides environmental conservation direction. The research method uses mixed methods. The quantitative method of erosion rates is done by calculating the Modify Universal Soil Loss Equation which is supported by GIS tools. The qualitative method is carried out with questionnaires and interviews in the Lesti Subwatershed area. The results showed that the current erosion rate in each ha of land (average) in the Lesti Subwatershed was 153,868 tons / ha / year (exceeding the tolerable erosion rate of 30 tons / ha / year). The rate of erosion in the Lesti Subwatershed has always increased in the last 14 years. Of the 12 Subdistricts in the Lesti watershed, as many as 6 Subdistricts are identified as having high levels of Erosion Hazards so that they were a priority to be handled, namely in the Wajak, Dampit, Tirtoyudo, , Gedangan, Sumbermanjing Wetan and Bantur Subdistricts. Dampit Subdistrict, Turen Subdistrict and Gondanglegi Subdistrict also face behavioral problems and high population pressure compared to other Subdistricts. Research also shows that there is a relationship between erosion and knowledge, attitudes and behavior of the community in the form of population pressure and land use patterns. It is recommended that environmental conservation directives focus on these 6 Sub-districts through the application of soil and water conservation. The results of spatial analysis at priority locations suggest conservation measures in the form of law enforcement or counseling, and community empowerment to increase the ability and independence of the community through providing access to resources, education, and training.

Water and water resources must be maintained by their functions and benefits to meet the needs of all sectors and future generations. One important part of sustainable water resource management that is of considerable interest to the government is irrigation which aims to achieve food security. Food security in Indonesia Development in the field of food security and poverty alleviation in rural areas is one of the leading sectors in the nine national development priority agendas contained in “Nawa Cita”. The development of food security in Indonesia faces many complex problems, such as irrigation infrastructures maintenance, regulations, land use change, population, policy implementation, coordination among stakeholders and also budget issues. The method in this study is a qualitative method through the literature review related to the management of water resources for food security in Indonesia. This paper seeks to evaluate the development irrigation policies as part of sustainable water management that supports food security in Indonesia. Literature sources are 5 main regulations, 5 papers and some government reports. To support increased food security, the direction of the Indonesian Government's policy in strengthening food security from the irrigated agricultural sector is realized through a strategy to increase production capacity and improve irrigation network services. The problem of the availability of irrigation water must be addressed quickly by upstream conservation, maximizing capacity through normalization of existing reservoirs, and continuing to build dams to have water storage containers that can accommodate planting season throughout planting. Air dan sumber daya air harus dijaga fungsi dan manfaatnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan semua sektor dan generasi mendatang. Salah satu bagian penting dari pengelolaan sumber daya air berkelanjutan yang cukup menarik perhatian pemerintah adalah irigasi yang bertujuan untuk mencapai ketahanan pangan. Di Indonesia, pembangunan di bidang ketahanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan di pedesaan merupakan salah satu sektor unggulan dalam sembilan agenda prioritas pembangunan nasional yang tertuang dalam “Nawa Cita”. Pembangunan ketahanan pangan di Indonesia menghadapi banyak masalah yang kompleks, seperti pemeliharaan infrastruktur irigasi, regulasi, perubahan penggunaan lahan, kependudukan, implementasi kebijakan, koordinasi antar pemangku kepentingan dan juga masalah anggaran. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif melalui studi pustaka terkait pengelolaan sumber daya air untuk ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Tulisan ini berupaya mengevaluasi kebijakan pembangunan irigasi sebagai bagian dari pengelolaan air berkelanjutan yang mendukung ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Sumber literatur adalah lima peraturan utama, lima makalah dan beberapa laporan pemerintah. Untuk mendukung peningkatan ketahanan pangan, arah kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam memperkuat ketahanan pangan dari sektor pertanian beririgasi diwujudkan melalui strategi peningkatan kapasitas produksi dan peningkatan pelayanan jaringan irigasi. Masalah ketersediaan air irigasi harus segera diatasi dengan konservasi di wilayah hulu, memaksimalkan kapasitas melalui normalisasi waduk yang ada, dan terus membangun bendungan untuk memiliki wadah penampung air yang dapat mencukupi kebutuhan pasokan sepanjang musim tanam.

Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak tidak hanya terkait implementasi kebijakan pemerintah pusat, tetapi juga pemerintah daerah. Mekanisme pendanaan transfer khusus seperti DAK fisik yang merupakan dana pemerintah pusat yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah daerah sesuai prioritas nasional bukan tanpa kendala. Sejak awal COVID-19 masuk ke Indonesia, tidak optimalnya proses pembangunan yang didanai DAK Fisik diantisipasi pemerintah pusat dengan mengeluarkan berbagai paket kebijakan, baik refocusing maupun relaksasi pencairan anggaran. Dari sisi pemerintah daerah, implementasi di tingkat lapangan harus tetap dituntut optimal meskipun dalam perjalanannya harus berhadapan dengan aturan-aturan terkait COVID-19 yang seringkali menghambat pencapaian target. Adaptasi pemerintah daerah dalam proses pembangunan selama pamdemi COVID-19 menjadi hal yang menarik untuk dikupas lebih jauh. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan mixed method melalui analisis berbasis survei online, literature review dan diskusi virtual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyajikan informasi kendala adaptasi pemerintah daerah dalam implementasi DAK Fisik saat pandemi COVID-19 sebagai masukan perencanaan DAK yang lebih baik dari sudut pandang pelaksana lapangan. Hasil analisis merekomendasikan upaya pentingnya pertimbangan dan keterlibatan pemerintah daerah dan karakteristik wilayah pada perencanaan DAK, dengan harapan pembangunan dapat dilaksanakan lebih baik, terkini dan adaptif termasuk saat kondisi darurat. Kata Kunci: Survei Online, DAK, COVID-19, Pemerintah Daerah

Alokasi DAK bidang pendidikan selalu tersedia setiap tahun dengan jumlah anggaran yang besar dibandingkan bidang yang lain, bahkan di masa pandemi COVID-19. Pada level pemerintah daerah, bidang pendidikan adalah prioritas. Kebutuhan pendanaan pemerintah daerah melalui DAK Fisik diharapkan selaras dengan keinginan pemerintah pusat. Pelaksanaan DAK Fisik Bidang Pendidikan sebagai instrumen pendanaan ke daerah pada tahun 2020 menghadapi tantangan mewabahnya COVID-19 pada bulan Maret yang mempengaruhi optimalisasi proses pembangunan. Pemerintah mengambil opsi kebijakan relaksasi untuk mempermudah implementasi DAK di lapangan. Hal ini memerlukan evaluasi on-going dengan metode sesuai keadaan saat itu sebagai masukan untuk perencanaan tahun berikutnya. Implementasi DAK Fisik dan segala menu-menunya mendorong pentingnya informasi capaian maupun kendala lapangan tetap aktual serta dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara ilmiah. Penelitian bertujuan menyajikan kendala, informasi dan hal-hal terkait pelaksanaan DAK Fisik Bidang Pendidikan tahun 2020 saat masa pandemi COVID-19 sebagai respons kondisi terkini tanpa harus melakukan kunjungan lapangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dan analisis statistik berbasis big data sebagai opsi yang relevan dengan situasi saat ini dalam rangka landasan memberikan rekomendasi perencanaan pembangunan. Analisis big data memanfaatkan tools Intelligence Media Management (IMM) untuk melihat persepsi publik terkait pelaksanaan DAK Fisik Bidang Pendidikan saat pandemi COVID-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 40 persen pemberitaan terkait DAK Bidang Pendidikan selama Pandemi COVID-19 berupa sentimen positif, 17 persen negatif dan 43 persen sentimen netral. Dalam sentimen negatif, pemberitaan yang disorot adalah tuntutan agar pengelola DAK dapat segera menyelesaikan pembangunan sesuai petunjuk teknis di lapangan.  Top issue pemberitaan DAK Pendidikan sebagai masukan perbaikan pembangunan adalah tentang temuan-temuan ketidaksesuaian data pokok pendidikan (DAPODIK) dengan fakta di lapangan yang pada akhirnya berdampak pada kurang tepatnya sasaran penerima DAK. Kata Kunci: Big Data, DAK, Evaluasi, Pendidikan

The level of land-use change in the Brantas watershed includes encroachment in the upstream area of the spring which has been increasingly massive since the 1960s, and reached the highest level in the late 1990s which driving the watershed damage. The damage in the upstream area encourages the need to increase resilience by building The Sumber Brantas Arboretum Area. This area is equipped with sedimentary control structures to ensure the long-term sustainability of the arboretum. A recent study of the rainfall plan and the security level of the sedimentary control building to the arboretum became an interesting thing to be reviewed. The analytical approach used in this study is quantitative. The method used for flood design analysis uses three methods including Log Pearson Type III Method, Gumbel Method, and Iwai Method. The selected hydrograph is the Nakayasu Hydrograph. Hydraulics analysis of sediment control buildings using HEC-RAS tools with several other hydrological calculations. The results of the analysis in the Sumber Brantas Arboretum Area showed that the design flood discharge (Q) was 59.35 m3 / sec. In flood design conditions with its own weight, the åf of the sediment control building is 42.2 (higher than the minimum safety level) and it is relatively safe, either in normal or in an earthquake condition. In the design flood conditions with full sediment storage, the Sf of sediment control buildings is 1.6 (higher than the minimum safety level) so that it is relatively safe, either in normal or in an earthquake condition.