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Parasitic infections caused by Eimeria species are responsible for most economic losses in poultry production. Prevalence studies can adequately assist the design of prophylaxis strategies for disease control. Therefore, stool samples from 251 flocks of broilers from 28 to 48 days old were collected in 21 municipalities in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, to detect and examine the prevalence of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria praecox, Eimeria necatrix, and Eimeria brunetti. The oocysts were recovered and quantified, and the species were identified by a multiplex PCR technique. Amplicons of seven Eimeria species originating from the PCR-positive samples were cloned. Microscopy studies demonstrated that 96% of the farms were positive for the Eimeria. Seven species were identified, as follows: E. maxima (63.7%) and E. acervulina (63.3%) were the most prevalent species, followed by E. tenella (54.6%), E. mitis (38.6%), E. praecox (25.1%), E. necatrix (24.3%), and E. brunetti (13.1%). The average number of species detected per farm was 2.96, and the most common were E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella (9.16%). The sequencing of the clones confirmed the specificity and effectiveness of multiplex PCR for the identification of seven species of Eimeria, so this tool can be useful in studying circulating species in poultry farms, thereby assisting prophylactic measures against coccidiosis.

ResumoCom os objetivos de conhecer a ocorrência de anticorpos e identificar fatores de risco para a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em cães, nas cidades de Lages e Balneário Camboriú, SC, amostras de sangue de 400 cães domiciliados foram processadas para a detecção de anticorpos contra T. gondii pela técnica da imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). Dados referentes à raça, idade, sexo, tipo de dieta, ambiente, presença de gatos e acesso à rua foram obtidos por meio de questionário. Análise estatística foi realizada (teste de χ 2 ). Dos 400 cães, 89 (22,3%) apresentaram anticorpos contra T. gondii. Dos cães de Lages, 52 (26%) foram positivos para T. gondii, enquanto os de Balneário Camboriú, 37 (18,5%) foram sororreagentes. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre as prevalências de T. gondii nos dois municípios. Maior ocorrência de sororreagentes para toxoplasmose foi verificada entre os cães sem raça definida (P = 0,002), que tinham acesso à rua (P = 0,003) e que recebiam dieta caseira (P = 0,028). Forte tendência para reagentes ao T. gondii foi observada entre os animais adultos, indicando exposição pós-natal ao agente, e entre os cães em contato com felinos.Palavras-chave: Toxoplasma gondii, Canis familiaris, fatores de risco. AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the occurrence of antibodies and risk factors for infection for Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in the cities of Lages and Balneário Camboriú, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Blood samples from 400 domiciliated dogs were processed for antibody detection against T. gondii by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The following variables were obtained by questionnaire: breed, age, sex, diet, environment, presence of cats and street access. A Chi-Square test was performed to verify the association between the seroprevalence with the studied variables. From all evaluated dogs, 89 (22.3%) had antibodies against T. gondii. A total of 52 (26%) and 37 (18.5%) dogs were positive for T. gondii in Lages and Balneário Camboriú, respectively. No statistical differences were observed on the prevalences of T. gondii between both cities. Greater occurrences of seropositives for toxoplasmosis were observed in mixed-breed dogs (P = 0.002), who had access to the street (P = 0.003) and received homemade diet (P = 0.028). A strong trend for seropositivity against T. gondii was observed among adult dogs, indicating post-natal exposure, and among those that have previous contact with cats.