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RESUMO Este trabalho foi desenvolvido em três propriedades rurais nos municípios de Lages, São Joaquim e Campos Novos, estado de Santa Catarina, com os objetivos de determinar a prevalência, a intensidade e a variação sazonal de helmintos gastrintestinais e pulmonares em ovinos no Planalto

Com o objetivo de avaliar focos de resistência de helmintos gastrintestinais parasitos de bovinos, com aptidão para corte, à ivermectina, ao fosfato de levamisole e ao sulfóxido de albendazole foram realizadas avaliações em 39 propriedades localizadas no Planalto Catarinense. Em cada uma foram coletadas, em média, 60 amostras de fezes de animais, com idade entre sete e 18 meses, para avaliar o número de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), o cultivo e a identificação de larvas. Foram formados três grupos de animais com média de OPG semelhante. A média de OPG de todos os animais coletados, antes do tratamento, foi considerada como testemunha. Cada grupo recebeu um tratamento diferente por via subcutânea (ivermectina na dose de 0,2mg kg-1, fosfato de levamisole na dose de 5mg kg-1 e sulfóxido de albendazole na dose de 2,5mg kg-1). Sete dias após foram repetidas as avaliações por grupo. Considerou-se resistência quando a eficácia da droga foi menor que 95% e o limite inferior do intervalo de confiança IC95% menor que 90%. Entre as propriedades avaliadas, 82,1% apresentaram animais com helmintos resistentes à ivermectina, 15,4% ao fosfato de levamisole e 7,8% ao sulfóxido de albendazole. Em apenas 10,3% das propriedades, a eficácia de todos os anti-helmínticos foi superior a 95%. Com base no diagnóstico genérico, verificou-se que os gêneros predominantes resistentes à ivermectina foram Cooperia spp e Haemonchus spp, ao fosfato de levamisole, Ostertagia spp, Cooperia spp e Trichostrongylus spp, e ao sulfóxido de albendazole, Cooperia spp.

RESUMO A atuação dos anti-helmínticos à base de ivermectin (0,2mg/kg), levamisole (10mg/kg), closantel (10mg/kg) e albendazole (10mg/kg), foi avaliada em 65 rebanhos ovinos do

The objective of this research was to estimate the energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth in male (castrated and intact) and female Saanen goat kids between 15 and 30 kg BW. To determine the net energy requirements for maintenance (NE ) and the net protein requirements for maintenance (NP ), 75 goats (25 castrated and 26 intact males and 24 females) were used. Twenty-one goats (seven castrated and eight intact males and six females) were randomly assigned for slaughter to estimate the initial empty body composition. The 54 remaining animals (18 castrated and 18 intact males and 18 females) were randomly assigned in a split-plot design using a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with three sexes and three levels of intake (ad libitum and restricted feed to 75% or 50% of the ad libitum intake). Within each sex, six blocks (three goats per block) were formed and one goat was randomly assigned to each level of intake. The 75% and the 50% of ad libitum rationing were determined daily, based on the DMI of the animal fed ad libitum on the previous day. All animals within block were slaughtered when the animal fed ad libitum reached 30 kg BW. The net energy requirements for gain (NE ) and the net protein requirements for gain (NP ) were obtained using 58 animals (20 castrated and 20 intact males and 18 females). The animals were fed ad libitum and slaughtered at targeted BW (15, 23 or 30 kg). Sex did not affect NE and NP (277.8 kJ/kg BW day and 2.98 g CP/kg BW day respectively), as well as NP (180.9 ± 6.48 g/kg EBW gain) in Saanen goat kids. However, castrated males and females had similar NE (varied from 12.6 ± 0.424 to 17.9 ± 1.38 MJ/kg EBW gain), greater than intact males (varied from 9.74 ± 0.420 to 10.7 ± 0.984 MJ/kg EBW gain), as the BW increased from 15 to 30 kg.

Parasitic infections caused by Eimeria species are responsible for most economic losses in poultry production. Prevalence studies can adequately assist the design of prophylaxis strategies for disease control. Therefore, stool samples from 251 flocks of broilers from 28 to 48 days old were collected in 21 municipalities in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, to detect and examine the prevalence of Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria tenella, Eimeria mitis, Eimeria praecox, Eimeria necatrix, and Eimeria brunetti. The oocysts were recovered and quantified, and the species were identified by a multiplex PCR technique. Amplicons of seven Eimeria species originating from the PCR-positive samples were cloned. Microscopy studies demonstrated that 96% of the farms were positive for the Eimeria. Seven species were identified, as follows: E. maxima (63.7%) and E. acervulina (63.3%) were the most prevalent species, followed by E. tenella (54.6%), E. mitis (38.6%), E. praecox (25.1%), E. necatrix (24.3%), and E. brunetti (13.1%). The average number of species detected per farm was 2.96, and the most common were E. acervulina, E. maxima, and E. tenella (9.16%). The sequencing of the clones confirmed the specificity and effectiveness of multiplex PCR for the identification of seven species of Eimeria, so this tool can be useful in studying circulating species in poultry farms, thereby assisting prophylactic measures against coccidiosis.

ResumoCom os objetivos de conhecer a ocorrência de anticorpos e identificar fatores de risco para a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em cães, nas cidades de Lages e Balneário Camboriú, SC, amostras de sangue de 400 cães domiciliados foram processadas para a detecção de anticorpos contra T. gondii pela técnica da imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI). Dados referentes à raça, idade, sexo, tipo de dieta, ambiente, presença de gatos e acesso à rua foram obtidos por meio de questionário. Análise estatística foi realizada (teste de χ 2 ). Dos 400 cães, 89 (22,3%) apresentaram anticorpos contra T. gondii. Dos cães de Lages, 52 (26%) foram positivos para T. gondii, enquanto os de Balneário Camboriú, 37 (18,5%) foram sororreagentes. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre as prevalências de T. gondii nos dois municípios. Maior ocorrência de sororreagentes para toxoplasmose foi verificada entre os cães sem raça definida (P = 0,002), que tinham acesso à rua (P = 0,003) e que recebiam dieta caseira (P = 0,028). Forte tendência para reagentes ao T. gondii foi observada entre os animais adultos, indicando exposição pós-natal ao agente, e entre os cães em contato com felinos.Palavras-chave: Toxoplasma gondii, Canis familiaris, fatores de risco. AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the occurrence of antibodies and risk factors for infection for Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in the cities of Lages and Balneário Camboriú, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Blood samples from 400 domiciliated dogs were processed for antibody detection against T. gondii by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The following variables were obtained by questionnaire: breed, age, sex, diet, environment, presence of cats and street access. A Chi-Square test was performed to verify the association between the seroprevalence with the studied variables. From all evaluated dogs, 89 (22.3%) had antibodies against T. gondii. A total of 52 (26%) and 37 (18.5%) dogs were positive for T. gondii in Lages and Balneário Camboriú, respectively. No statistical differences were observed on the prevalences of T. gondii between both cities. Greater occurrences of seropositives for toxoplasmosis were observed in mixed-breed dogs (P = 0.002), who had access to the street (P = 0.003) and received homemade diet (P = 0.028). A strong trend for seropositivity against T. gondii was observed among adult dogs, indicating post-natal exposure, and among those that have previous contact with cats.

Requirements for growth in the different sexes remain poorly quantified in goats. The objective of this study was to develop equations for estimating net protein (NP) and net energy (NE) for growth in Saanen goats of different sexes from 5 to 45 kg of body weight (BW). A data set from 7 comparative slaughter studies (238 individual records) of Saanen goats was used. Allometric equations were developed to determine body protein and energy contents in the empty BW (EBW) as dependent variables and EBW as the allometric predictor. Parameter estimates were obtained using a linearized (log-transformation) expression of the allometric equations using the MIXED procedure in SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The model included the random effect of the study and the fixed effects of sex (intact male, castrated male, and female; n = 94, 73, and 71, respectively), EBW, and their interactions. Net requirements for growth were estimated as the first partial derivative of the allometric equations with respect to EBW. Additionally, net requirements for growth were evaluated based on the degree of maturity. Monte Carlo techniques were used to estimate the uncertainty of the calculated net requirement values. Sex affected allometric relationships for protein and energy in Saanen goats. The allometric equation for protein content in the EBW of intact and castrated males was log protein (g) = 2.221 (±0.0224) + 1.015 (±0.0165) × log EBW (kg). For females, the relationship was log protein (g) = 2.277 (±0.0288) + 0.958 (±0.0218) × log EBW (kg). Therefore, NP for males was greater than for females. The allometric equation for the energy content in the EBW of intact males was log energy (kcal) = 2.988 (±0.0323) + 1.240 (±0.0238) × log EBW (kg); of castrated males, log energy (kcal) = 2.873 (±0.0377) + 1.359 (±0.0283) × log EBW (kg); and of females, log energy (kcal) = 2.820 (±0.0377) + 1.442 (±0.0281) × log EBW (kg). The NE of castrated males was greater than that of intact males and lower than that of females. Using degree of maturity for estimating NP and NE, we could remove the differences between sexes. These results indicate that NP and NE differ among sexes in growing Saanen goats, and this difference should be accounted for by feeding systems. Including the degree of maturity as predictor cancels out those differences across sexes in protein and energy requirements.