The accentuated increase in the use of medicinal plants by the population to treat diseases makes it necessary to carry out pharmacological studies in order to contribute to the scientific knowledge and clarify the mechanisms involved in the main compounds present in these plants. Due to the difficulty of combating antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms, plants become a low-cost and effective alternative. The stem, fruit, and leaves of plants are used to measure antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity and to combat the oxidative degradation of free radicals produced in the presence of xenobiotics. A systematic review is a powerful tool that incorporates the variability among the studies, providing an overall estimate of the use of plant extracts as antioxidants and antimicrobial activities. In view of the controversies in the literature regarding the use of compounds from plants or the isolation and purification of the main substances for the prevention of bacterial various therapeutic actions, the aim of this was to present a systematic review on the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale), cajui (Anacardium microcarpum), and pequi (Caryocar brasiliense). The following databases were analyzed: PubMed/Medline, Virtual Health Library (LILACS and SciELO), and Science Direct. Out of 425 articles, 33 articles have been used in this study, which were also represented in the Prisma Statement. In vitro antioxidant tests were conducted in 28 studies using different methodologies. Most of the tests involving the studied species demonstrated positive antioxidant potential and antimicrobial properties. The results provide important data and perspectives into the use of natural products that can contribute to the treatment of various diseases.

O vírus SARS-CoV-2, surgiu no final de 2019 em Wuhan, na China, provocando a Covid-19, sendo decretada uma pandemia em março de 2020 pela OMS. Possui alta transmissibilidade, podendo produzir complicações sintomáticas para idosos e portadores de comorbidades. Medidas de isolamento social e antissepsia são elementos chave para contenção do vírus.  Objetivou-se nesse estudo uma revisão da literatura referente à Covid-19 e sua relação com pneumonia, sua prevenção e impactos na saúde pública. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Bireme, Scielo, Portal da Capes e revistas especializadas. Novas doenças geram muitos desafios pela imprecisão de conhecimentos quanto a transmissão, a gravidade, o diagnóstico e o tratamento. O paciente com COVID-19 pode apresentar sintomas como: tosse seca, febre, dor de garganta, dor no corpo e complicações como: pneumonia, dispneia e necessidade de ventilação mecânica. O diagnóstico é realizado por meio de sorologia e/ou RT-PCR. Para diminuir a transmissão do vírus as estratégias estão centradas em medidas como antissepsia das mãos, do ambiente e no isolamento social, que leva ao fechamento de escolas e comércio. No Brasil, o sistema de saúde não comporta um rápido aumento do número de casos. O sistema entraria em colapso. Muitas mortes poderiam ocorrer sem as medidas de isolamento e prevenção. É o momento de atuação na divulgação de conhecimento em saúde para a população, para que a pandemia que chega ao país seja mitigada. Fica também evidente a necessidade de estruturação do sistema de saúde para o enfrentamento de desastres.

Publicado em: 23/12/2015Patógenos resistentes representam um grande desafio para os hospitais no que se referem aos ao tratamento e as medidas profiláticas. Uma vez no ambiente cepas Gram negativas podem adquirir genes de resistência do solo, da água e dos efluentes hospitalares e assim transmiti-los a outros gêneros. Objetivou-se neste estudo quantificar e qualificar as cepas bacterianas presentes nos pacientes com suspeita de infecção hospitalar e no ambiente em que se encontram internados do Hospital Geral ABSTRACT-Resistant pathogens are an important challenge to hospitals, especially to stablish the correct treatment and prophylactic measures. Once in the environmental Gram-negative strains can acquire resistance genes from the soil, water and hospital effluent and so transmit it to other genus. The objective of this study was to quantify and to qualify the bacterial strains present in patients with suspected of nosocomial infection and the environment in which they are admitted in the Palmas General Hospital. 14 different bacterial species from 141 samples, being 123 from patients and 18 from hospital environment. In patient samples highlights were Klebsiella pneumoniae (21.9%), Acinetobacter baumannii (13.82%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.2%), Escherichia coli (11.4%), Serratia marcescens (10.6 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (9.0%), From this total, 80 strains were multiresistant to antibiotics, whichever Klebsiella pneumoniae (26.3%) and A. baumannii (20.0%). The tracheal aspirate samples showed a greater number of multidrug-resistant strains. The environment prevailed Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus sp. both with 22.2%, collected from different locations and ICU materials such as tracheal tube, Ambu, mattress and monitors. Administrative and educational strategies are necessary to reduce the spread of multi-resistant germs.

Objetivo: Analisar a etiologia e a epidemiologia da microbiota vaginal das mulheres de uma cidade do estado do Tocantins. Métodos: As amostras coletadas foram cultivadas em meio Ágar Sangue enriquecido com Ágar Base Columbia em atmosfera microaerófila e Ágar Sabouraud Dextrose. Foram incubadas a 35°C por 60 horas para diferenciar contaminantes GRAM negativos utilizou-se o Ágar Macconkey. Foram produzidos esfregaços com coloração de GRAM. As amostras com crescimento de colônias no Ágar Sangue foram submetidas ao teste de catalase e, posteriormente, teste de fermentação de açucares, utilizando o meio Triple Sugar Iron. Para a diferenciação de leveduras, as colônias passaram pela Prova do Tubo Germinativo. Resultados: Foram identificadas a bactéria Gardnerella vaginalis e o fungo Candida albicans em 4 % e 7%, respectivamente. Detectamos a presença de cocos e diplococos Gram positivo, lactobacilos, bacilos curtos e células leveduriformes. Conclusão: Contribuiu para a compreensão do perfil epidemiológico da saúde vaginal das mulheres dessa região, uma vez que em todo o estado não há estudos da microbiota vaginal, suprindo a carência de conhecimento científico regional sobre a ocorrência destas doenças e, consequentemente, a melhoria dos serviços de saúde prestados a essas pacientes.

Background. The Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew) and Anacardium microcarpum D. (cajuí) are plants commonly found in Brazil. They present phytochemical compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extracts from leaves of A. occidentale and A. microcarpum and its effect on the hepatic tissue in experimental knockout models after they received Paracetamol®. Methods. Ethanol extracts from A. occidentale and A. microcarpum leaves were prepared. Total phenolics were determined by Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, and flavonoids are based on the complexation reaction with the aluminum metal, forming a colored complex. Fingerprint HPLC was performed to detect phenolic compounds. Knockout IL-10 mice randomly divided into six groups were used and received the following treatments: G1, only water; G2, A. occidentale extract; G3, A. microcarpum extract; G4, Paracetamol®; G5, Paracetamol® + A. occidentale extract (400 mg/kg); G6, Paracetamol® + A. microcarpum extract (400 mg/kg). Biochemical parameters of the blood and differential count of leukocytes were done. Oxidative markers and histopathological analyses were performed on their liver tissue. Results. Phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were detected in both two extracts analyzed. The HPLC fingerprint detected phenolic acid, gallic acid, and catechin flavonoid in the two extracts. Histopathological analyses of the hepatic tissue permitted evaluation of nuclear increase, sinusoid congestion, and inflammatory infiltrate. A. microcarpum presented more antioxidant activity increasing antioxidant enzyme levels and reducing TBARS and carbonyl protein when compared to the other treatments after exposure to Paracetamol®. Histopathological analyses showed a decrease in the inflammatory infiltrate after treatment with extracts. Conclusion. Our findings indicate that both extracts, especially A. microcarpum, can reduce hepatic damage in knockout mice exposed to paracetamol, indicating the curative power of these extracts reducing lipid peroxidation and in the morphofunctional damage to the liver parenchyma.